Constructivisme (psychologie)Le constructivisme, théorie de l'apprentissage, a été développée, entre autres, par Piaget, dès 1923, face au béhaviorisme qui, d’après lui, limitait trop l’apprentissage à l’association stimulus-réponse et considérait le sujet comme boîte noire. L’approche constructiviste s'intéresse à l'activité du sujet pour se construire une représentation de la réalité qui l’entoure. Le constructivisme part de l'idée que les connaissances de chaque sujet ne sont pas spécialement une « copie » de la réalité, mais un modèle plus ou moins fidèle de celle-ci construit par lui au cours du temps.
Learning environmentThe term learning environment can refer to an educational approach, cultural context, or physical setting in which teaching and learning occur. The term is commonly used as a more definitive alternative to "classroom", but it typically refers to the context of educational philosophy or knowledge experienced by the student and may also encompass a variety of learning cultures—its presiding ethos and characteristics, how individuals interact, governing structures, and philosophy.
Learning spaceLearning space or learning setting refers to a physical setting for a learning environment, a place in which teaching and learning occur. The term is commonly used as a more definitive alternative to "classroom," but it may also refer to an indoor or outdoor location, either actual or virtual. Learning spaces are highly diverse in use, configuration, location, and educational institution. They support a variety of pedagogies, including quiet study, passive or active learning, kinesthetic or physical learning, vocational learning, experiential learning, and others.
Progressive educationProgressive education, or educational progressivism, is a pedagogical movement that began in the late 19th century and has persisted in various forms to the present. In Europe, progressive education took the form of the New Education Movement. The term progressive was engaged to distinguish this education from the traditional curricula of the 19th century, which was rooted in classical preparation for the early-industrial university and strongly differentiated by social class.
Pédagogies activesLa pédagogie active a pour objectif de rendre l'élève acteur de ses apprentissages. Si la pédagogie active est traduite dans le monde scientifique par le terme d'Active learning, l'expression dans le monde francophone peut également désigner les méthodes actives portées par des pédagogues comme Célestin Freinet et Maria Montessori.
Inquiry-based learningInquiry-based learning (also spelled as enquiry-based learning in British English) is a form of active learning that starts by posing questions, problems or scenarios. It contrasts with traditional education, which generally relies on the teacher presenting facts and their knowledge about the subject. Inquiry-based learning is often assisted by a facilitator rather than a lecturer. Inquirers will identify and research issues and questions to develop knowledge or solutions.
Student-centered learningStudent-centered learning, also known as learner-centered education, broadly encompasses methods of teaching that shift the focus of instruction from the teacher to the student. In original usage, student-centered learning aims to develop learner autonomy and independence by putting responsibility for the learning path in the hands of students by imparting to them skills, and the basis on how to learn a specific subject and schemata required to measure up to the specific performance requirement.
Pédagogie de projetLa pédagogie de projet est une pratique de pédagogie active qui permet de générer des apprentissages à travers la réalisation d'une production concrète. Le projet peut être individuel (comme un exposé ou une maquette) ou collectif (l'organisation d'une fête, d'un voyage, d'un spectacle). Il est semblable à une En effet, lors de la démarche de projet, l’élève est placé en situation de résolution de problèmes, participant de fait au processus d’apprentissage.
Philosophie de l'éducationLa philosophie de l'éducation s'attache à comprendre la nature et les enjeux philosophiques de l'éducation, ainsi que ses implications sur le plan individuel et collectif. Elle soulève notamment des questions axiologiques (place de l’autorité) et politiques (formation du citoyen). La démarche philosophique est avant tout une démarche réflexive et conceptuelle.
Experiential educationExperiential education is a philosophy of education that describes the process that occurs between a teacher and student that infuses direct experience with the learning environment and content. The term is not interchangeable with experiential learning; however experiential learning is a sub-field and operates under the methodologies of experiential education.
