Validité prédictiveLa Validité prédictive est un terme utilisé dans l'évaluation des personnes. C'est une qualité psychométrique désignant la capacité d'un outil de mesure à prédire correctement un événement futur. Cette valeur est mesurée par la corrélation entre le prédicteur (un test, un entretien, un outil d'évaluation) et un critère de réussite (professionnel le plus souvent). En matière de recrutement ou de gestion des ressources humaines, les techniques et outils possédant les meilleures validités prédictives sont les suivants: Assessment Centers, questionnaires de personnalité, tests d'aptitudes, prises de références, recommandations, entretiens en face à face.
Impact evaluationImpact evaluation assesses the changes that can be attributed to a particular intervention, such as a project, program or policy, both the intended ones, as well as ideally the unintended ones. In contrast to outcome monitoring, which examines whether targets have been achieved, impact evaluation is structured to answer the question: how would outcomes such as participants' well-being have changed if the intervention had not been undertaken? This involves counterfactual analysis, that is, "a comparison between what actually happened and what would have happened in the absence of the intervention.
Inventaire de dépression de BeckL'Inventaire de dépression de Beck (IDB, IDB-II), créé par le Aaron T. Beck, est un questionnaire à choix multiples de 21 questions, servant à mesurer la sévérité de la dépression clinique. Son développement a marqué la pratique des professionnels de la santé, qui, jusqu'alors, percevaient la dépression via une perspective psychodynamique, au lieu de la caractériser par les propres descriptions données par le patient.
Educational inequalityEducational inequality is the unequal distribution of academic resources, including but not limited to school funding, qualified and experienced teachers, books, and technologies, to socially excluded communities. These communities tend to be historically disadvantaged and oppressed. Individuals belonging to these marginalized groups are often denied access to schools with adequate resources. Inequality leads to major differences in the educational success or efficiency of these individuals and ultimately suppresses social and economic mobility.
Content validityIn psychometrics, content validity (also known as logical validity) refers to the extent to which a measure represents all facets of a given construct. For example, a depression scale may lack content validity if it only assesses the affective dimension of depression but fails to take into account the behavioral dimension. An element of subjectivity exists in relation to determining content validity, which requires a degree of agreement about what a particular personality trait such as extraversion represents.
Test preparationTest preparation (abbreviated test prep) or exam preparation is an educational course, tutoring service, educational material, or a learning tool designed to increase students' performance on standardized tests. Examples of these tests include entrance examinations used for admissions to institutions of higher education, such as college (e.g. the SAT and ACT), business school (the GMAT), law school (the LSAT or LNAT), medical school (the MCAT), BMAT, UKCAT and GAMSAT and graduate school (the GRE) and qualifying examinations for admission to gifted education programs.
QuizUn quiz (prononcé « kouïz ») est un jeu qui consiste en un questionnaire permettant de tester des connaissances générales ou spécifiques ou des compétences. Un quiz se pratique seul ou à plusieurs, suivant des procédures plus ou moins élaborées. Il peut se présenter sous forme de questionnaire à choix multiples ou de questionnaire simple, mais la différence majeure avec un autre test de connaissances ou de personnalité est qu'on attend du participant une réponse non développée d'un ou deux mots.
RespondentA respondent is a person who is called upon to issue a response to a communication made by another. The term is used in legal contexts, in survey methodology, and in psychological conditioning. In legal usage, this specifically refers to the defendant in a legal proceeding commenced by a petition, or to an appellee, or the opposing party, in an appeal of a decision by an initial fact-finder. In the United States Senate, the two sides in an impeachment trial are called the management and the respondent.
Comparaison par pairesLa comparaison par paires est une méthode consistant à comparer des éléments deux à deux. De nombreux travaux théoriques ont démontré que les relations complexes entre divers éléments indépendants pouvaient être étudiées au moyen de comparaisons analogiques binaires, c'est-à-dire en les comparant deux à deux. En effet, une telle démarche permet de décomposer le problème posé en réduisant la masse d’informations à acquérir et à intégrer d’une part, en concentrant la réflexion du répondant sur ses composantes essentielles, d’autre part.
Convergent validityConvergent validity, for human cognition, especially within sociology, psychology, and other behavioral sciences, refers to the degree to which two measures that theoretically should be related, are in fact related. Convergent validity, along with discriminant validity, is a subtype of construct validity. Convergent validity can be established if two similar constructs correspond with one another, while discriminant validity applies to two dissimilar constructs that are easily differentiated.
