Photoelectrolysis of waterPhotoelectrolysis of water, also known as photoelectrochemical water splitting, occurs in a photoelectrochemical cell when light is used as the energy source for the electrolysis of water, producing dihydrogen which can be used as a fuel. This process is one route to a "hydrogen economy", in which hydrogen fuel is produced efficiently and inexpensively from natural sources without using fossil fuels. In contrast, steam reforming usually or always uses a fossil fuel to obtain hydrogen.
Molecular wireMolecular wires (or sometimes called molecular nanowires) are molecular chains that conduct electric current. They are the proposed building blocks for molecular electronic devices. Their typical diameters are less than three nanometers, while their lengths may be macroscopic, extending to centimeters or more. Most types of molecular wires are derived from organic molecules. One naturally occurring molecular wire is DNA.
NanomechanicsNanomechanics is a branch of nanoscience studying fundamental mechanical (elastic, thermal and kinetic) properties of physical systems at the nanometer scale. Nanomechanics has emerged on the crossroads of biophysics, classical mechanics, solid-state physics, statistical mechanics, materials science, and quantum chemistry. As an area of nanoscience, nanomechanics provides a scientific foundation of nanotechnology.
Productive nanosystemsThe Technology Roadmap for Productive Nanosystems defines "productive nanosystems" as functional nanoscale systems that make atomically-specified structures and devices under programmatic control, i.e., they perform atomically precise manufacturing. Such devices are currently only hypothetical, and productive nanosystems represents a more advanced approach among several to perform Atomically Precise Manufacturing. A workshop on Integrated Nanosystems for Atomically Precise Manufacturing was held by the Dept.
NanocristalUn nanocristal est un monocristal dont au moins une des dimensions est inférieure à . Pour les nanocristaux de semi-conducteurs, pour des dimensions inférieures à on parle souvent aussi de point/boite quantique (ou quantum dot, ou encore qdot). À cause de sa petite taille, il se comporte comme un puits de potentiel qui confine les électrons dans trois dimensions, dans une région d'une taille de l'ordre de la longueur d'onde des électrons selon (de Broglie), soit quelques nanomètres dans un semi-conducteur.
Particule ultrafineLes particules ultra-fines, ultrafines, PUF (ou UFP pour ultrafine particles en anglais) ou encore PM sont des particules de taille nanométrique (moins de ou de diamètre) ; si petites qu’elles se comportent comme des gaz.Elles ont des origines naturelles (incendies de forêt, volcanisme, érosion éolienne) et anthropiques (échappement des moteurs et chaudières, raffineries, usure de pneus, peintures, freins et autres sources mécaniques, soudure et autres systèmes fonctionnant à haute température).
PhotocatalyseEn chimie, la photocatalyse est l'accélération d'une photoréaction en présence de catalyseur. alt=Schéma présentant le principe de la photocatalyse.|vignette|Schéma présentant le principe de la photocatalyse. Le principe de la photocatalyse repose sur l’activation d’un semi-conducteur par la lumière. Le semi-conducteur est considéré comme un catalyseur. Son principe est proche de la catalyse hétérogène où la réaction d'oxydoréduction se passe à la surface du catalyseur.
Microscope électronique en transmission à balayagevignette|Exemple de Microscope électronique en transmission à balayage VG501 Un microscope électronique en transmission à balayage (METB ou en anglais STEM pour scanning transmission electron microscope) est un type de microscope électronique dont le principe de fonctionnement allie certains aspects du microscope électronique à balayage et du microscope électronique en transmission. Une source d'électrons focalise un faisceau d'électrons qui traverse l'échantillon.
Exploratory engineeringExploratory engineering is a term coined by K. Eric Drexler to describe the process of designing and analyzing detailed hypothetical models of systems that are not feasible with current technologies or methods, but do seem to be clearly within the bounds of what science considers to be possible within the narrowly defined scope of operation of the hypothetical system model. It usually results in paper or video prototypes, or (more likely nowadays) computer simulations that are as convincing as possible to those that know the relevant science, given the lack of experimental confirmation.
BioelectronicsBioelectronics is a field of research in the convergence of biology and electronics. At the first C.E.C. Workshop, in Brussels in November 1991, bioelectronics was defined as 'the use of biological materials and biological architectures for information processing systems and new devices'. Bioelectronics, specifically bio-molecular electronics, were described as 'the research and development of bio-inspired (i.e. self-assembly) inorganic and organic materials and of bio-inspired (i.e.
