Iron oxide nanoparticleIron oxide nanoparticles are iron oxide particles with diameters between about 1 and 100 nanometers. The two main forms are composed of magnetite () and its oxidized form maghemite (γ-). They have attracted extensive interest due to their superparamagnetic properties and their potential applications in many fields (although cobalt and nickel are also highly magnetic materials, they are toxic and easily oxidized) including molecular imaging.
Nanoimprint lithographyNanoimprint lithography (NIL) is a method of fabricating nanometer scale patterns. It is a simple nanolithography process with low cost, high throughput and high resolution. It creates patterns by mechanical deformation of imprint resist and subsequent processes. The imprint resist is typically a monomer or polymer formulation that is cured by heat or UV light during the imprinting. Adhesion between the resist and the template is controlled to allow proper release.
ExcimèreExcimère vient du mot anglais excimer (pour excited dimer). Il s'agit d'une molécule constituée de deux monomères (atomes ou molécules) identiques qui ne peut exister qu'à l'état excité. Son état fondamental est dissociatif. L'excimère fait partie d'une catégorie plus grande, l'exciplexe, qui désigne une molécule qui n'est stable qu'à l'état excité et qui est constituée de deux monomères (atomes ou molécules) différents. Les plus connus sont les halogénures de gaz rares, tels que ou , qui sont à la base du fonctionnement des lasers à excimères.
Silicium poreuxLe silicium est majoritairement connu sous sa forme monocristalline et polycristalline. Depuis quelques décennies, un nouveau type de morphologie s'est développé : le silicium poreux (SiP). Cette morphologie a été constatée pour la première fois dans les années 50 par Uhlir et Turner. Le SiP est un matériau nanostructuré qui possède une importante surface spécifique (pouvant aller jusqu'à 1000 voire 1500 .cm-3). En général, le silicium poreux est assimilé à un matériau à morphologie colonnaire ou branchée constitué par des cristallites ou nano-cristallites (de à de diamètre).
NanocelluloseLa nanocellulose est une nanostructure de cellulose. Elle existe sous trois formes : nanofibre de cellulose ou nanofibrilles de cellulose ou cellulose nano-fibrillée (NFC / CNF) aussi appelée cellulose micro-fibrillée ou microfibrille de cellulose (CMF / MFC), obtenue par traitement mécanique ; nanocellulose cristalline ou nanocristaux de cellulose (NCC) aussi appelée cellulose nanocristalline (CNC) et encore nanocellulose en ou nanoen de cellulose (CNW / NCW), produite par procédé chimique ; nanocellulose bactérienne (BNC), synthétisée par des bactéries.
Single particle analysisSingle particle analysis is a group of related computerized image processing techniques used to analyze images from transmission electron microscopy (TEM). These methods were developed to improve and extend the information obtainable from TEM images of particulate samples, typically proteins or other large biological entities such as viruses. Individual images of stained or unstained particles are very noisy, and so hard to interpret. Combining several digitized images of similar particles together gives an image with stronger and more easily interpretable features.
Salt bridge (protein and supramolecular)In chemistry, a salt bridge is a combination of two non-covalent interactions: hydrogen bonding and ionic bonding (Figure 1). Ion pairing is one of the most important noncovalent forces in chemistry, in biological systems, in different materials and in many applications such as ion pair chromatography. It is a most commonly observed contribution to the stability to the entropically unfavorable folded conformation of proteins.
NanogeneratorA nanogenerator is a small device that converts mechanical or thermal energy into electricity. It is an energy harvesting device where energy from external sources (e.g., solar power, thermal energy, wind energy, salinity gradients, and kinetic energy), also known as ambient energy, is converted into electricity for use by small, wireless autonomous devices like those used in wearable electronics, condition monitoring, and wireless sensor networks. Energy harvesters usually provide a very small amount of power for low-energy electronics.
Field-emission microscopyField-emission microscopy (FEM) is an analytical technique that is used in materials science to study the surfaces of needle apexes. The FEM was invented by Erwin Wilhelm Müller in 1936, and it was one of the first surface-analysis instruments that could approach near-atomic resolution. Microscopy techniques are utilized to generate magnified real-space images of the surface of a tip apex. Typically, microscopy information pertains to the surface crystallography (i.e., how the atoms are arranged at the surface) and surface morphology (i.
Rational designIn chemical biology and biomolecular engineering, rational design (RD) is an umbrella term which invites the strategy of creating new molecules with a certain functionality, based upon the ability to predict how the molecule's structure (specifically derived from motifs) will affect its behavior through physical models. This can be done either from scratch or by making calculated variations on a known structure, and usually complements directed evolution.
