Achlorhydrie

Achlorhydria and hypochlorhydria refer to states where the production of hydrochloric acid in gastric secretions of the stomach and other digestive organs is absent or low, respectively. It is associated with various other medical problems. Irrespective of the cause, achlorhydria can result as known complications of bacterial overgrowth and intestinal metaplasia and symptoms are often consistent with those diseases: gastroesophageal reflux disease abdominal discomfort early satiety weight loss diarrhea constipation abdominal bloating anemia stomach infection malabsorption of food carcinoma of stomach Since acidic pH facilitates the absorption of iron, achlorhydric patients often develop iron deficiency anemia. Acidic environment of stomach helps conversion of pepsinogen into pepsin, which is highly important in digesting the protein into smaller components, such as a complex protein into simple peptides and amino acids inside the stomach, which are later absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract. Bacterial overgrowth and B12 deficiency (pernicious anemia) can cause micronutrient deficiencies that result in various clinical neurological manifestations, including visual changes, paresthesias, ataxia, limb weakness, gait disturbance, memory defects, hallucinations and personality and mood changes. Risk of particular infections, such as Vibrio vulnificus (commonly from seafood) is increased. Even without bacterial overgrowth, low stomach acid (high pH) can lead to nutritional deficiencies through decreased absorption of basic electrolytes (magnesium, zinc, etc.) and vitamins (including vitamin C, vitamin K, and the B complex of vitamins). Such deficiencies may be involved in the development of a wide range of pathologies, from fairly benign neuromuscular issues to life-threatening diseases. The slowing of the body's basal metabolic rate associated with hypothyroidism Pernicious anemia where there is antibody production against parietal cells which normally produce gastric acid.

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BIO-377: Physiology by systems

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Vitamine B12

La , également appelée cobalamine, est une vitamine hydrosoluble essentielle au fonctionnement normal du cerveau (elle participe à la synthèse des neurotransmetteurs), du système nerveux (elle est indispensable au maintien de l'intégrité du système nerveux et tout particulièrement de la gaine de myéline qui protège les nerfs et optimise leur fonctionnement) et à la formation du sang. C'est l'une des huit vitamines B.

Cellule pariétale

Les cellules pariétales (ou oxyntiques ou cellules bordantes) font partie des différentes cellules composant la paroi des glandes gastriques. Elles sécrètent de l'acide chlorhydrique (HCl) grâce aux pompes H+/K+ ATPase et aux canaux chlore, ainsi que le facteur intrinsèque, nécessaire à l'absorption de la vitamine B12. Les cellules pariétales sont présentes dans les glandes fundiques de la muqueuse gastrique. Ces glandes fundiques sont des glandes exocrines multicellulaires (plusieurs types cellulaires différents) dont le produit de sécrétion est destiné à la surface interne de l'estomac.

Atrophic gastritis

Atrophic gastritis is a process of chronic inflammation of the gastric mucosa of the stomach, leading to a loss of gastric glandular cells and their eventual replacement by intestinal and fibrous tissues. As a result, the stomach's secretion of essential substances such as hydrochloric acid, pepsin, and intrinsic factor is impaired, leading to digestive problems. The most common are vitamin B12 deficiency possibly leading to pernicious anemia; and malabsorption of iron, leading to iron deficiency anaemia.

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