Ingénierie du vent

Résumé

L’ingénierie du vent recouvre l'analyse des effets du vent dans l'environnement naturel et bâti et étudie les impacts, inconvénients et bienfaits du vent. Dans la génie civil il recouvre les effets de vents forts, qui peuvent provoquer l'inconfort, ainsi que les vents extrêmes, tels les rafales descendantes, tornades et cyclones tropicaux, qui peuvent provoquer des dommages matériaux importants. L'ingénierie du vent intègre des aspects de la météorologie, aérodynamique, la résistance des matériaux, des données géographiques et la dynamique des structures. Les outils de l'ingénierie du vent incluent des modèles atmosphériques, souffleries et modèles numériques. Principaux sujets traités

Le dimensionnement au vent
Confort et sécurité piétonne
Énergie éolienne
Pollution et qualité de l'air autour des bâtiments
Ventilation naturelle

Histoire alt=Rose des vents romaine|vignette|Rose des vents romaine La considération du vent dans l'architecture commence av

Source officielle

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ing%C3%A9nierie_du_vent

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Publications associées (6)

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Concepts associés (7)

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We study a mechanism for active aerodynamic drag reduction on morphable grooved cylinders, whose topography can be modified pneumatically. Our design is inspired by the morphology of the Saguaro cactus (Carnegiea gigantea), which possesses an array of axial grooves, thought to help reduce aerodynamic drag, thereby enhancing the structural robustness of the plant under wind loading. Our analog experimental samples comprise a spoked rigid skeleton with axial cavities, covered by a stretched elastomeric film. Decreasing the inner pressure of the sample produces axial grooves, whose depth can be accurately varied, on demand. First, we characterize the relation between groove depth and pneumatic loading through a combination of precision mechanical experiments and finite element simulations. Second, wind tunnel tests are used to measure the aerodynamic drag coefficient (as a function of Reynolds number) of the grooved samples, with different levels of periodicity and groove depths. We focus specifically on the drag crisis and systematically measure the associated minimum drag coefficient and the critical Reynolds number at which it occurs. The results are in agreement with the classic literature of rough cylinders, albeit with an unprecedented level of precision and resolution in varying topography using a single sample. Finally, we leverage the morphable nature of our system to dynamically reduce drag for varying aerodynamic loading conditions. We demonstrate that actively controlling the groove depth yields a drag coefficient that decreases monotonically with Reynolds number and is significantly lower than the fixed sample counterparts. These findings open the possibility for the drag reduction of grooved cylinders to be operated over a wide range of flow conditions.

2017

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Aeroelastic deformation of a perforated strip

Mark Andrew Guttag, Pedro Miguel Nunes Pereira de Almeida Reis

We perform a combined experimental and numerical investigation into the static deformation of perforated elastic strips under uniform aerodynamic loading at high-Reynolds-number conditions. The static shape of the porous strips, clamped either horizontally or vertically, is quantified as they are deformed by wind loading, induced by a horizontal flow. The experimental profiles are compared to numerical simulations using a reduced model that takes into account the normal drag force on the deformed surface. For both configurations (vertical and horizontal clamping), we compute the drag coefficient of the strip, by fitting the experimental data to the model, and find that it decreases as a function of porosity. Surprisingly, we find that, for every value of porosity, the drag coefficients for the horizontal configuration are larger than those of the vertical configuration. For all data in both configurations, with the exception of the continuous strip clamped vertically, a linear relation is found between the porosity and drag. Making use of this linearity, we can rescale the drag coefficient in a way that it becomes constant as a function of the Cauchy number, which relates the force due to fluid loading on the elastic strip to its bending rigidity, independently of the material properties and porosity of the strip and the flow speed. Our findings on flexible strips are contrasted to previous work on rigid perforated plates. These results highlight some open questions regarding the usage of reduced models to describe the deformation of flexible structures subjected to aerodynamic loading.

2018

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A stratified boundary-layer wind tunnel designed for wind engineering and diffusion studies

Jacques-André Hertig

EPFL1982

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