In project management, a project charter, project definition, or project statement is a statement of the scope, objectives, and participants in a project. It provides a preliminary delineation of roles and responsibilities, outlines the project's key goals, identifies the main stakeholders, and defines the authority of the project manager.
In Initiative for Policy Dialogue (IPD), this document is known as the project charter. In customer relationship management (CRM), it is known as the project definition report. Both IPD and CRM require this document as part of the project management process.
The project charter is usually a short document that explains a project clearly and concisely, and refers to more detailed documents for additional information. A project charter should:
Identify the scope of the project.
Provide a shared understanding of the project objectives.
Act as a contract between the project sponsor, key stakeholders and the project team, detailing responsibilities.
A project charter typically documents most of the following:
Reasons for undertaking the project
Objectives and constraints of the project, including in-scope and out-of-scope items
Identities of the main stakeholders
Risks and issues (a risk management plan should be part of the overall project management plan)
Benefits of the project
High level budget and spending authority
The project charter establishes the authority assigned to the project manager, especially in a matrix management environment. It is considered industry best practice.
The three main uses of the project charter are:
To authorize the project - using a comparable format, projects can be ranked and authorized by Return on Investment.
Serves as the primary sales document for the project - ranking stakeholders have a 1-2 page summary to distribute, present, and keep handy for fending off other project or operations runs at project resources.
Serves as a focal point throughout the project. For example, it is a baseline that can be used in team meetings and in change control meetings to assist with scope management.
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Le chef de projet (CDP) est la personne chargée de mener un projet et de gérer son bon déroulement. De manière générale, sans être systématique, il anime une équipe pendant la durée du ou des projet(s) dont il a la charge. D'autres appellations existent pour ce type de poste (chargé/coordonnateur/responsable/gestionnaire/administrateur/directeur, etc.) et varient en fonction de l'organisation et de la taille de l'entreprise de travail.
La gestion de projet, est l'ensemble des activités visant à organiser le bon déroulement d’un projet et à en atteindre les objectifs en temps et en heures selon les objectifs visés. Elle consiste à appliquer les méthodes, techniques, et outils de gestion spécifiques aux différentes étapes du projet, de l'évaluation de l'opportunité jusqu'à l'achèvement du projet. Cette activité porte également le nom de conduite de projet, pilotage de projet, ingénierie de projet, ou encore management de projet.
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