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Concept
Proctologie
Résumé
Colorectal surgery is a field in medicine dealing with disorders of the rectum, anus, and colon. The field is also known as proctology, but this term is now used infrequently within medicine and is most often employed to identify practices relating to the anus and rectum in particular. The word proctology is derived from the Greek words πρωκτός , meaning "anus" or "hindparts", and -λογία , meaning "science" or "study".
Physicians specializing in this field of medicine are called colorectal surgeons or proctologists. In the United States, to become colorectal surgeons, surgical doctors have to complete a general surgery residency as well as a colorectal surgery fellowship, upon which they are eligible to be certified in their field of expertise by the American Board of Colon and Rectal Surgery or the American Osteopathic Board of Proctology. In other countries, certification to practice proctology is given to surgeons at the end of a 2–3 year subspecialty residency by the country's board of surgery.
Colorectal surgical disorders include:
varicosities or swelling, and inflammation of veins in the rectum and anus (hemorrhoids)
unnatural cracks or tears in the anus (anal fissures)
abnormal connections or passageways between the rectum or other anorectal area to the skin surface (fistulas)
severe constipation conditions
fecal incontinence
protrusion of the walls of the rectum through the anus (rectal prolapse)
birth defects such as the imperforate anus
treatment of severe colic disorders, such as Crohn's disease
cancer of the colon and rectum (colorectal cancer)
repositioning of the rectal area if fallen out
anal cancer
any injuries to the anus
removal of objects inserted into anus
performing colonoscopies
performing [[hemorrhoidectomies]]
Surgical forms of treatment for these conditions include: colectomy, ileo/colostomy, polypectomy, strictureplasty, hemorrhoidectomy (in severe cases of hemorrhoids), minimally invasive surgery, anoplasty, and more depending on the condition the patient has.
Source officielle
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