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A public health intervention is any effort or policy that attempts to improve mental and physical health on a population level. Public health interventions may be run by a variety of organizations, including governmental health departments and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Common types of interventions include screening programs, vaccination, food and water supplementation, and health promotion. Common issues that are the subject of public health interventions include obesity, drug, tobacco, and alcohol use, and the spread of infectious disease, e.g. HIV. A policy may meet the criteria of a public health intervention if it prevents disease on both the individual and community level and has a positive impact on public health. Health interventions may be run by a variety of organizations, including health departments and private organizations. Such interventions can operate at various scales, such as on a global, country, or community level. The whole population can be reached via websites, audio/video messages and other mass media, or specific groups can be affected by administrative action, such as increasing the provision of healthy food at schools. Screening (medicine) Screening refers to the practice of testing a set of individuals who meet a certain criteria (such as age, sex, or sexual activity) for a disease or disorder. Many forms of screening are public health interventions. For example, mothers are routinely screened for HIV and Hepatitis B during pregnancy. Detection during pregnancy can prevent maternal transmission of the disease during childbirth. Vaccination schedule Vaccination programs are one of the most effective and common types of public health interventions. Typically programs may be in the form of recommendations or run by governmental health departments or nationalised health care systems. For instance, in the U.S., the Center for Disease Control decides on a vaccination schedule, and most private health insurers cover these vaccinations. In the UK, the NHS both decides and implements vaccination protocols.

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Publications associées (1)

Precision global health in the digital age

Marcel Salathé, Idris Guessous, Gérard Escher

Precision global health is an approach similar to precision medicine, which facilitates, through innovation and technology, better targeting of public health interventions on a global scale, for the purpose of maximising their effectiveness and relevance. Illustrative examples include: the use of remote sensing data to fight vector-borne diseases; large databases of genomic sequences of foodborne pathogens helping to identify origins of outbreaks; social networks and internet search engines for tracking communicable diseases; cell phone data in humanitarian actions; drones to deliver healthcare services in remote and secluded areas. Open science and data sharing platforms are proposed for fostering international research programmes under fair, ethical and respectful conditions. Innovative education, such as massive open online courses or serious games, can promote wider access to training in public health and improving health literacy. The world is moving towards learning healthcare systems. Professionals are equipped with data collection and decision support devices. They share information, which are complemented by external sources, and analysed in real time using machine learning techniques. They allow for the early detection of anomalies, and eventually guide appropriate public health interventions. This article shows how information- driven approaches, enabled by digital technologies, can help improving global health with greater equity.

EMH Swiss Medical Publishers, Ltd.2017

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Public health intervention

Vitamine D

La vitamine D est une vitamine liposoluble (soluble dans les lipides). C'est une hormone retrouvée dans l'alimentation et synthétisée dans l'organisme humain à partir d'un dérivé du cholestérol ou d’ergostérol sous l'action des rayonnements UV-B du Soleil. Elle existe sous deux formes : D (ergocalciférol), produite par les végétaux, et D (cholécalciférol), présente dans les produits d'origine animale et certains lichens. Ces deux molécules sont des 9,10-sécostéroïdes.

Complément alimentaire

Un complément alimentaire est une denrée alimentaire dont le but est de fournir un complément de nutriments ou de substances ayant un effet nutritionnel ou physiologique (vitamines, minéraux, acides gras ou acides aminés) manquants ou en quantité insuffisante dans le régime alimentaire normal d'un individu. À la différence des additifs alimentaires, qui sont mélangés à certains aliments, le complément est une source concentrée qui est vendue de façon isolée.

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