Vitamine D | EPFL Graph Search

La vitamine D est une vitamine liposoluble (soluble dans les lipides). C'est une hormone retrouvée dans l'alimentation et synthétisée dans l'organisme humain à partir d'un dérivé du cholestérol ou d’ergostérol sous l'action des rayonnements UV-B du Soleil. Elle existe sous deux formes : D (ergocalciférol), produite par les végétaux, et D (cholécalciférol), présente dans les produits d'origine animale et certains lichens. Ces deux molécules sont des 9,10-sécostéroïdes. Le corps humain synthétise aussi la au niveau de la peau, sous l'effet des rayons ultraviolets. La vitamine D intervient dans l'absorption du calcium et du phosphore par les intestins, ainsi que dans leur réabsorption par les reins, sous l'influence de la PTH. Ses effets sont contrebalancés par la calcitonine. Elle intervient dans la minéralisation osseuse du squelette et des articulations, ainsi que sur la tonicité musculaire. D'autre part, elle influence plus de et aurait une action de réparation de l'. Une quan

Vitamin B12 deficiency and impaired expression of amnionless during aging

Laurence Goulet, Sonia Karaz, Alice Pannerec

Background Physical frailty and loss of mobility in elderly individuals lead to reduced independence, quality of life, and increased mortality. Vitamin B12 deficiency has been linked to several age-related chronic diseases, including in the musculo-skeletal system, where vitamin B12 deficiency is generally believed to be linked to poor nutritional intake. In the present study, we asked whether aging and frailty associate with altered vitamin B12 homeostasis in humans and investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms using preclinical models. Methods We analysed a subset of the Singapore Longitudinal Aging Study and stratified 238 participants based on age and Fried frailty criteria. Levels of methyl-malonic acid (MMA), a marker for vitamin B12 deficiency, and amnionless, the vitamin B12 co-receptor that anchors the vitamin B12 transport complex to the membrane of epithelial cells, were measured in plasma. In addition, vitamin B12 levels and the molecular mechanisms of vitamin B12 uptake and excretion were analysed in ileum, kidney, liver, and blood using a rat model of natural aging where nutritional intake is fully controlled. Results We demonstrate that aging and frailty are associated with a higher prevalence of functional vitamin B12 deficiency that can be detected by increased levels of MMA in blood (rho = 0.25; P = 0.00013). The decline in circulating vitamin B12 levels is recapitulated in a rat model of natural aging where food composition and intake are stable. At the molecular level, these perturbations involve altered expression of amnionless in the ileum and kidney. Interestingly, we demonstrate that amnionless can be detected in serum where its levels increase during aging in both rodents and human (P = 3.3e-07 and 9.2e-07, respectively). Blood amnionless levels negatively correlate with vitamin B12 in rats (r(2) = 0.305; P = 0.0042) and positively correlate with the vitamin B12 deficiency marker MMA in humans (rho = 0.22; P = 0.00068). Conclusions Our results demonstrate that aging and frailty cause intrinsic vitamin B12 deficiencies, which can occur independently of nutritional intake. Mechanistically, vitamin B12 deficiency involves the physio-pathological decline of both the intestinal uptake and the renal reabsorption system for vitamin B12. Finally, amnionless is a novel biomarker which can detect perturbed vitamin B12 bioavailability during aging and physical frailty.

2018

Study of the influence of over-the-counter vitamin supplement intake on urine fluorescence to optimize cancer detection by fluorescence cystoscopy

Carla Martoccia, Hubert van den Bergh, Georges Wagnières, Matthieu Zellweger

Fluorescence cystoscopy (FC) efficiently enhances the detection and improves the therapeutic management of early bladder cancer. During an FC, about 150 ml of water is needed to inflate the bladder. The water is quickly diluted by urine which can be fluorescent. If this bladder washout fluid (BWF) becomes fluorescent, the FC images are frequently degraded. Unfortunately, it is unclear which elements of the diet may contribute to this background fluorescence. We propose to start this exploration with over-the-counter (OTC) vitamin supplements. To this end, we measured excitation-emission matrices of urine samples and the kinetics of modifications of urine fluorescence obtained from nine healthy volunteers before, during, and after intake of a commercially available OTC vitamin supplement. The pharmacokinetics shows that the BWF fluorescence values reach a maximum 8 to 10 h after vitamin intake. They decrease in the half-day that follows and reach values close to baseline similar to 1 day afterward. Based on these results, we conclude that, in order to avoid degradations of fluorescence images, it is likely best that the intake of OTC vitamin supplements be avoided during the week preceding an FC. (C) 2015 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)

Spie-Soc Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers2015

Vitamin D and energy homeostasis-of mice and men

Johan Auwerx, Alessia Perino, Kristina Schoonjans

The vitamin D endocrine system has many extraskeletal targets, including adipose tissue. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D-3, the active form of vitamin D, not only increases adipogenesis and the expression of typical adipocyte genes but also decreases the expression of uncoupling proteins. Mice with disrupted vitamin D action-owing to gene deletion of the nuclear receptor vitamin D receptor (Vdr) or the gene encoding 1 alpha-hydroxylase (Cyp27b1)-lose fat mass over time owing to an increase in energy expenditure, whereas mice with increased Vdr-mediated signalling in adipose tissue become obese. The resistance to diet-induced obesity in mice with disrupted Vdr signalling is caused at least partially by increased expression of uncoupling proteins in white adipose tissue. However, the bile acid pool is also increased in these animals, and bile acids are known to be potent inducers of energy expenditure through activation of several nuclear receptors, including Vdr, and G-protein-coupled receptors, such as GPBAR1 (also known as TGR5). By contrast, in humans, obesity is strongly associated with poor vitamin D status. A causal link has not been firmly proven, but most intervention studies have failed to demonstrate a beneficial effect of vitamin D supplementation on body weight. The reasons for the major discrepancy between mouse and human data are unclear, but understanding the link between vitamin D status and energy homeostasis could potentially be very important for the human epidemic of obesity and the metabolic syndrome.

Nature Publishing Group2014

Vitamin B12 deficiency and impaired expression of amnionless during aging

Laurence Goulet, Sonia Karaz, Alice Pannerec

2018