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Tonsil stones, also known as tonsilloliths, are mineralizations of debris within the crevices of the tonsils. When not mineralized, the presence of debris is known as chronic caseous tonsillitis (CCT). Symptoms may include bad breath, foreign body sensation, sore throat pain or discomfort with swallowing, and cough. Generally there is no pain, though there may be the feeling of something present. The presence of tonsil stones may be otherwise undetectable, however some people have reported seeing white material in the rear of their throat. Risk factors may include recurrent throat infections. Tonsil stones contain a biofilm composed of a number of different bacteria, calcium salts either alone or in combination with other mineral salts. While they most commonly occur in the palatine tonsils, they may also occur in the adenoids, lingual tonsils and tubal tonsil. Tonsil stones have been recorded weighing from 0.3 g to 42 g, and they are typically small in size. However, there are occasional reports of large tonsilloliths. They are often discovered during medical imaging for other reasons and more recently, due to the impact and influence of social media platforms such as TikTok, medical professionals have experienced an increase in patient concern and tonsillolith evaluations. They are usually benign, so if tonsil stones do not bother the patient, no treatment is needed. However in rare cases, tonsilloliths have presented patients with further complications necessitating surgical extraction. Tonsilloliths that exceed the average size are typically seen in older individuals as the likelihood of developing tonsil stones is linear. Otherwise, gargling salt water and manual removal may be tried. Chlorhexidine or cetylpyridinium chloride may also be tried. Surgical treatment may include partial or complete tonsil removal. Up to 10% of people have tonsil stones. Biological sex does not influence the chance of having tonsil stones, but older people are more commonly affected.

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Concepts associés (7)

Peritonsillar abscess

Peritonsillar abscess (PTA), also known as quinsy, is an accumulation of pus due to an infection behind the tonsil. Symptoms include fever, throat pain, trouble opening the mouth, and a change to the voice. Pain is usually worse on one side. Complications may include blockage of the airway or aspiration pneumonitis. PTA is typically due to infection by a number of types of bacteria. Often it follows streptococcal pharyngitis. They do not typically occur in those who have had a tonsillectomy.

Caséum

thumb|250px|Caséum dans les amygdales. thumb|250px|Grains de caséum de grande taille. Le caséum est un terme de description microscopique médicale, issu du mot latin signifiant « fromage ». Il consiste en une consistance anormale des tissus, pâteuse, de coloration blanchâtre ou jaune, parfois grisâtre, semblable à du fromage. Le terme se retrouve dans certaines nécroses (nécrose caséeuse), principalement associées à la tuberculose. Le terme se retrouve aussi dans une formation « normale » (non pathologique) associée aux amygdales.

Tonsillectomie

La tonsillectomie ou amygdalectomie est une ablation chirurgicale des amygdales palatines. Vieille de plus de , l'amygdalectomie fait partie des interventions les plus anciennement pratiquées. Pour réduire le volume des amygdales hypertrophiées les chirurgiens de l'antiquité proposaient l'exérèse totale, partielle, ou encore la cautérisation. En ces temps où l'anesthésie n'existait pas, le risque hémorragique était redoutable. La rapidité d'exécution du geste était primordiale.