In mathematics, especially order theory,
the interval order for a collection of intervals on the real line
is the partial order corresponding to their left-to-right precedence relation—one interval, I1, being considered less than another, I2, if I1 is completely to the left of I2.
More formally, a countable poset is an interval order if and only if
there exists a bijection from to a set of real intervals,
so ,
such that for any we have
in exactly when .
Such posets may be equivalently
characterized as those with no induced subposet isomorphic to the
pair of two-element chains, in other words as the -free posets
Fully written out, this means that for any two pairs of elements and one must have or .
The subclass of interval orders obtained by restricting the intervals to those of unit length, so they all have the form , is precisely the semiorders.
The complement of the comparability graph of an interval order (, ≤)
is the interval graph .
Interval orders should not be confused with the interval-containment orders, which are the inclusion orders on intervals on the real line (equivalently, the orders of dimension ≤ 2).
An important parameter of partial orders is order dimension: the dimension of a partial order is the least number of linear orders whose intersection is . For interval orders, dimension can be arbitrarily large. And while the problem of determining the dimension of general partial orders is known to be NP-hard, determining the dimension of an interval order remains a problem of unknown computational complexity.
A related parameter is interval dimension, which is defined analogously, but in terms of interval orders instead of linear orders. Thus, the interval dimension of a partially ordered set is the least integer for which there exist interval orders on with exactly when and .
The interval dimension of an order is never greater than its order dimension.
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In mathematics, the dimension of a partially ordered set (poset) is the smallest number of total orders the intersection of which gives rise to the partial order. This concept is also sometimes called the order dimension or the Dushnik–Miller dimension of the partial order. first studied order dimension; for a more detailed treatment of this subject than provided here, see . The dimension of a poset P is the least integer t for which there exists a family of linear extensions of P so that, for every x and y in P, x precedes y in P if and only if it precedes y in all of the linear extensions.
Dans la théorie des graphes, un graphe de comparabilité est un graphe non orienté qui relie les paires d'éléments qui sont comparables les uns aux autres dans un ordre partiel donné. On les trouve aussi sous le nom de transitively orientable graphs, partially orderable graphs, et containment graphs. Les graphes de comparabilité sont des graphes parfaits. Les cographes sont des graphes de comparabilité Les graphes qui sont de comparabilité et dont le complémentaire est aussi de comparabilité sont exactement les graphes de permutations.
En mathématiques, le diagramme de Hasse, du nom du mathématicien allemand Helmut Hasse, est une représentation visuelle d'un ordre fini. Similaire à la représentation habituelle d’un graphe sur papier, il en facilite la compréhension. Dans un diagramme de Hasse : Les éléments ordonnés sont représentés par des points. La relation entre deux éléments est représentée par un segment entre deux points. Si un élément x est ≤ à un autre élément y, alors le point représentant x est placé plus bas que celui pour y.
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2013
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