VolailleUne volaille est un oiseau domestique, appartenant généralement aux gallinacés ou aux palmipèdes, élevé pour sa chair, ses œufs, ses plumes. L'échelle d'élevage des volailles va de l'intensif industriel spécialisé pouvant regrouper des centaines de milliers d'individu à l'élevage paysan, fermier ou familial des quelques oiseaux rustiques. Il faut noter qu'en cuisine le lapin est considéré comme une volaille. thumb|Volailles d'un poulailler traditionnel européen (en coexistence avec les pigeons).
Vent peckingVent pecking is an abnormal behaviour of birds performed primarily by commercial egg-laying hens. It is characterised by pecking damage to the cloaca, the surrounding skin and underlying tissue. Vent pecking frequently occurs immediately after an egg has been laid when the cloaca often remains partly everted exposing the mucosa, red from the physical trauma of oviposition or bleeding if the tissue is torn by her laying an egg. Vent pecking clearly causes pain and distress to the bird being pecked.
Cannibalism in poultryCannibalism in poultry is the act of one individual of a poultry species consuming all or part of another individual of the same species as food. It commonly occurs in flocks of domestic hens reared for egg production, although it can also occur in domestic turkeys, pheasants and other poultry species. Poultry create a social order of dominance known as pecking order. When pressure occurs within the flock, pecking can increase in aggression and escalate to cannibalism.
Furnished cageA furnished cage, sometimes called enriched cage, colony cage or modified cage, is a type of cage used in poultry farming for egg laying hens. Furnished cages have been designed to overcome some of the welfare concerns of battery cages (also called 'conventional' or 'traditional cages') whilst retaining their economic and husbandry advantages, and also provide some of the welfare advantages over non-cage systems. Many design features of furnished cages have been incorporated because research in animal welfare science has shown them to be of benefit to the hens.
Pouletalt=|vignette|Poulet d'élevage en France (2018). Un poulet est une jeune volaille, mâle ou femelle, de la sous-espèce Gallus gallus domesticus, élevée pour sa chair. S'il s'agit du même animal, les conditions de production des poulets de chair diffèrent de celles des poules pondeuses qui sont élevées pour leurs œufs. Par exemple le rythme de croissance des poules pondeuses est bien moins important que celui des poulets de chair.
Œuf (aliment)vignette|Un jaune d'œuf de poule cru.|alt=Photographie rapprochée d'un œuf de poule cru cassée et de sa coquille en arrière-plan. L’œuf, en tant qu'aliment, est un produit agricole issu d'élevages divers et utilisé par les humains comme nourriture simple ou pour servir d'ingrédient dans la composition de nombreux plats dans la plupart des cultures du monde. Le plus utilisé est l’œuf de poule, mais les œufs d’autres oiseaux sont aussi consommés : caille, cane, oie, autruche, etc.
Concentrated animal feeding operationIn animal husbandry, a concentrated animal feeding operation (CAFO; popularly known as factory farm), as defined by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), is an intensive animal feeding operation (AFO) in which over 1,000 animal units are confined for over 45 days a year. An animal unit is the equivalent of 1,000 pounds of "live" animal weight. A thousand animal units equates to 700 dairy cows, 1,000 meat cows, 2,500 pigs weighing more than , 10,000 pigs weighing under 55 pounds, 10,000 sheep, 55,000 turkeys, 125,000 chickens, or 82,000 egg laying hens or pullets.
Abnormal behaviour of birds in captivityAbnormal behavior of birds in captivity has been found to occur among both domesticated and wild birds. Abnormal behavior can be defined in several ways. Statistically, 'abnormal' is when the occurrence, frequency or intensity of a behaviour varies statistically significantly, either more or less, from the normal value. This means that theoretically, almost any behaviour could become 'abnormal' in an individual. Less formally, 'abnormal' includes any activity judged to be outside the normal behaviour pattern for captive birds of that particular class or age.
Toe peckingToe pecking, an abnormal behaviour of birds in captivity, occurs when one bird pecks the toes of another using its beak. This behaviour has been reported in hens and ostriches. Studies have shown that hens exposed to toe pecking have significantly enlarged adrenal glands, indicating increased physiological stress. Hens exposed to toe pecking will step off a raised platform more quickly than control hens, possibly suggesting a heightened fear of elevation.
Utilisation des antibiotiques en élevagevignette|Les antibiotiques permettent de neutraliser les bactéries présentes dans l'organisme tant chez les animaux que chez les êtres humains. Pour éviter l'antibiorésistance, il est donc important de respecter les règles d'utilisation. L'utilisation des antibiotiques en élevage a plusieurs finalités. Les antibiotiques sont utilisés en élevage d'abord pour traiter les animaux malades (usage thérapeutique ou curatif).
