Maya monarchs, also known as Maya kings and queens, were the centers of power for the Maya civilization. Each Maya city-state was controlled by a dynasty of kings. The position of king was usually inherited by the oldest son.
Maya kings felt the need to legitimize their claim to power. One of the ways to do this was to build a temple or pyramid. Tikal Temple I is a good example. This temple was built during the reign of Yikʼin Chan Kʼawiil. Another king named Kʼinich Janaabʼ Pakal would later carry out this same show of power when building the Temple of Inscriptions at Palenque. The Temple of Inscriptions still towers today amid the ruins of Palenque, as the supreme symbol of influence and power in Palenque.
Maya kings cultivated godlike personas. When a ruler died and left no heir to the throne, the result was usually war and bloodshed. King Pacal's precursor, Pacal I, died upon the battlefield. However, instead of the kingdom erupting into chaos, the city of Palenque, a Maya capital city in southern Mexico, invited in a young prince from a different city-state. The prince was only twelve years old.
Pacal and his predecessors not only built elaborate temples and pyramids. They expanded their city-state into a thriving empire. Under Yikʼin Chan Kʼawiil, Tikal conquered Calakmul and the other cities around Tikal, forming what could be referred to as a super city-state. Pacal achieved in creating a major center for power and development.
A Maya king was expected to be an excellent military leader. He would often carry out raids against rival city-states. The Maya kings also offered their own blood to the gods. The rulers were also expected to have a good mind to solve problems that the city might be facing, including war and food crises.
Maya kings were expected to ensure the gods received the prayers, praise and attention they deserved and to reinforce their divine lineage. They did this by displaying public rituals such as processions through the streets of their cities.
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Les stèles mayas sont des monuments qui ont été sculptés par les artistes de la civilisation mésoaméricaine maya. Ces stèles sont des pierres de forme allongée et souvent plus larges qu'épaisses, qui ont été sculptées (le plus souvent en bas-relief, mais on en trouve aussi en haut-relief, et même certaines vierges d'inscriptions) et placées à la verticale. Elles sont souvent associées à des pierres circulaires dénommés autels, bien que leur fonction réelle soit incertaine.
A twin-pyramid complex or twin-pyramid group was an architectural innovation of the Maya civilization of ancient Mesoamerica. Twin-pyramid complexes were regularly built at the great city of Tikal in the central Petén Basin of Guatemala to celebrate the end of the 20-year kʼatun cycle of the Maya Long Count Calendar. A twin-pyramid complex has been identified at Yaxha, a large city that was to the southeast of Tikal. Another has been mapped at Ixlu, and Zacpeten appears also to possess at least one twin-pyramid complex and possibly two.
Yaxha (ou Yaxhá) est un site archéologique maya situé sur les rives du lac Yaxha dans le département du Petén au Guatemala, à une trentaine de kilomètres au sud-est de Tikal. Le nom de Yaxha signifie «eau verte» en maya. Une des singularités de Yaxha est que son glyphe-emblème se lit « Yaxha » : chose exceptionnelle, son nom moderne est donc le même que celui de l'époque classique. C’est le chroniqueur Villagutierre de Sotomayor qui le premier mentionna le lieu dans les sources espagnoles en 1618.