Gauge conversion is the changing of one railway track gauge (the distance between the running rails) to another.
If tracks are converted to a narrower gauge, the existing sleepers (ties) may be used. However, replacement is required if the conversion is to a wider gauge. Some sleepers may be long enough to accommodate the fittings of both existing and alternative gauges. Wooden sleepers are suitable for conversion because they can be drilled for the repositioned rail spikes. Being difficult to drill, concrete sleepers are less suitable for conversion. Concrete sleepers may be cast with alternative gauge fittings in place, an example being those used during the conversion of the Melbourne–Adelaide railway from to . Steel sleepers may have alternative gauge fittings cast at production, may be drilled for new fittings or may be welded with new fittings.
Conversion from a narrow to a wider gauge may require enlargement of the structure gauge of the bridges, overpasses and tunnels, embankments and cuts. The minimum curve radius may have a larger radius on broader gauges requiring route deviations to allow the minimum curve radius to be increased. Track centers at stations with multiple tracks may also have to be increased. Conversion from narrow to standard gauge can cause several changes not because of the gauge itself, but in order to be compatible with the structure gauge of standard gauge track, such as height of overpasses so that trains can be exchanged. The choice of train couplers may be a factor as well.
Bogie exchange and Variable gauge
Where vehicles move to a different gauge, they must either be prepared for bogie exchange or be prepared for wheelset exchange. For example, passenger trains moving between the in France and the gauge in Spain pass through an installation which adjusts their variable-gauge axles. This process is known as "gauge change". Goods wagons are still subject to either bogie exchange or wheelset exchange.
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The minimum railway curve radius is the shortest allowable design radius for the centerline of railway tracks under a particular set of conditions. It has an important bearing on construction costs and operating costs and, in combination with superelevation (difference in elevation of the two rails) in the case of train tracks, determines the maximum safe speed of a curve. The minimum radius of a curve is one parameter in the design of railway vehicles as well as trams; monorails and automated guideways are also subject to a minimum radius.
Une locomotive Garratt est une locomotive à vapeur articulée dont la structure spécifique fut inventée en 1907 par Herbert William Garratt, ingénieur ferroviaire britannique. La locomotive se compose d'un châssis central, portant le corps cylindrique et l'abri, articulé sur deux trucks comportant chacun un mécanisme complet de moteur à vapeur (cylindres et distribution) et équipé d'essieux moteurs et porteurs. Ces trucks font en général office de tender.
L'écartement des rails est la distance séparant le flanc interne des deux files de rails d’une voie ferrée. L'écartement standard de (soit quatre pieds huit pouces et demi ou cinquante-six pouces et demi), définissant la voie normale, est le plus utilisé à travers le monde (60 % des lignes). On parle de voie large lorsque l'écartement est supérieur et de voie étroite lorsqu'il est inférieur (voie métrique pour l'écartement de ). Certaines voies sont équipées de trois, voire quatre files de rails pour permettre la circulation de matériel d'écartements différents.
Explore l'invariance de la jauge, les potentiels électromagnétiques, la vitesse du superfluide et l'expulsion du champ magnétique des supraconducteurs.
inspectors that walk over the track and check the defects on the rail surface, fasteners and sleepers. In the case of concrete sleepers, rail inspectors classify defects according to their size and occurrence over 20 sleepers. The manual inspection is erro ...