Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz

Résumé

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (), parfois francisé en Godefroid-Guillaume Leibniz, né à Leipzig le et mort à Hanovre le , est un philosophe, scientifique, mathématicien, logicien, diplomate, juriste, historien, bibliothécaire et philologue allemand. Esprit polymathe, personnalité importante de la période Frühaufklärung, il occupe une place primordiale dans l'histoire de la philosophie et l'histoire des sciences (notamment des mathématiques) et est souvent considéré comme le dernier « génie universel ». Il naît en 1646 à Leipzig dans une famille luthérienne ; son père, Friedrich Leibnütz, est juriste et professeur de philosophie morale à l'université de la ville. Après la mort de celui-ci en 1652, Leibniz, parallèlement à son éducation supervisée par sa mère et son oncle, étudie dans la bibliothèque léguée par son père. Entre 1661 et 1667, il étudie dans les universités de Leipzig, d'Iéna et d'Altdorf et obtient des diplômes en

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https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz

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Desargues and Leibniz: In the Black Box - A Mathematical Model of the Leibnizian Monad

Bernard Cache

Here Bernard Cache provides a detailed analysis of a paper written in 1636 by the French mathematician, architect and engineer, Girard Desargues. Desargues is best known as the founder of projective geometry. Cache explains how he initally developed this significant concept in response to the very practical problems of producing a perspectival drawing. The introduction of projective geometry, though, had potentially more far-reaching implications on philosophical thought, informing the theory of monads developed by the German philosopher and mathematician Gottfried Leibniz in 1714 to explain the metaphysics of simple substances. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Wiley-Blackwell2011

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Between 1675 and 1676, while in Paris, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646–1716) got privileged access to some geometric manuscripts from late Blaise Pascal’s hand. Although said manuscripts are not extant, Leibniz’s reading notes were preserved, together with his personal papers in Hannover, under the heading “Pascaliana.” The mathematical content of these notes and the influence they had on Leibniz’s later work are quite known nowadays. At the crossroads of the history of ideas, historical epistemology, and material history, this contribution looks at Leibniz’s Pascaliana through the prism of their materiality—format, layout, organization, corrections, and additions—, and the practices it betrays—copying, commenting, excerpting. Parallel to knowing what Leibniz read in Pascal, this perspective allows us to shed light on how Leibniz read Pascal, on the very intellectual-material operations that allowed him to incorporate a foreign thought and, eventually, start developing his own.

2022

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An Ink–and–Paper Automaton: The Conceptual Mechanization of Cognition and the Practical Automation of Reasoning in Leibniz’s De Affectibus (1679)

Simon François Dumas Primbault

On ten loose handwritten folios dating back from April 1679, Leibniz gradually devised, in the course of three days, a full-blown theory of thought that nonetheless remained unpublished and still has received little attention from scholars. Conceiving of affectūs as the driving forces that set the mind in motion from one thought to another and passions as the inertia opposing such movement, this manuscript results in a systematic psychology understood as a dynamics of thoughts modelled on the mechanical laws of motion for solid bodies. Delving into Leibniz‘s working papers to witness the unfolding of his thoughts, I propose to pay attention to the many intellectual operations that paved the way for his metaphysics. From his reading notes on Descartes to his syllogistically redefining a set of concepts and propositions, Leibniz here defines an affective theory of cognition and sets the first foundations of a combinatorial ontology: his socalled scientia generalis. Focusing on the material practices that govern his use of paper, I would like to show that Leibniz‘s conceptual mechanization of cognition is materially dependent on a practical automation of reasoning reduced to a propositional calculus on paper. Eventually, this contribution is a plea for a media-historical reading of Leibniz‘s working papers.

2020

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