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Concept
Théorie de la firme
Résumé
The theory of the firm consists of a number of economic theories that explain and predict the nature of the firm, company, or corporation, including its existence, behaviour, structure, and relationship to the market. Firms are key drivers in economics, providing goods and services in return for monetary payments and rewards. Organisational structure, incentives, employee productivity, and information all influence the successful operation of a firm in the economy and within itself. As such major economic theories such as Transaction cost theory, Managerial economics and Behavioural theory of the firm will allow for an in-depth analysis on various firm and management types.
In simplified terms, the theory of the firm aims to answer these questions:
Existence. Why do firms emerge? Why are not all transactions in the economy mediated over the market?
Boundaries. Why is the boundary between firms and the market located exactly there in relation to size and output variety? Which transactions are performed internally and which are negotiated on the market?
Organization. Why are firms structured in such a specific way, for example as to hierarchy or decentralization? What is the interplay of formal and informal relationships?
Heterogeneity of firm actions/performances. What drives different actions and performances of firms?
Evidence. What tests are there for the respective theories of the firm?
Firms exist as an alternative system to the market-price mechanism when it is more efficient to produce in a non-market environment. For example, in a labor market, it might be very difficult or costly for firms or organizations to engage in production when they have to hire and fire their workers depending on demand/supply conditions. It might also be costly for employees to shift companies every day looking for better alternatives. Similarly, it may be costly for companies to find new suppliers daily. Thus, firms engage in a long-term contract with their employees or a long-term contract with suppliers to minimize the cost or maximize the value of property rights.
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Proximité ontologique
Cours associés (7)
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Publications associées (72)
Personnes associées (16)
Unités associées (3)
Concepts associés (16)
Marché (économie)
Un marché est l'institution sociale abstraite où se rencontrent l'offre et la demande de biens ou de services. Le marché est ainsi le lieu, physique ou virtuel, où les échanges commerciaux ont lieu. Dans son acception la plus ancienne, un marché est une institution qui accueille un commerce localisé précisément dans l'espace et le temps mais de dimension variable, par exemple les marchés traditionnels, les marchés aux puces et Lloyd's of London.
The Nature of the Firm
"The Nature of the Firm" (1937) is an article by Ronald Coase. It offered an economic explanation of why individuals choose to form partnerships, companies, and other business entities rather than trading bilaterally through contracts on a market. The author was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1991 in part due to this paper. Despite the honor, the paper was written when Coase was an undergraduate and he described it later in life as "little more than an undergraduate essay.
Productivité marginale
La production d'un bien, ou d'un service, est le résultat de la combinaison d'autres biens (telles les matières premières et l'énergie) et de "services" rendus par le travail et des biens durables (machines, équipements, locaux, etc.), qualifiés d'intrants ou d'inputs en microéconomie, de facteurs de production en macroéconomie. On appelle productivité marginale d'un intrant (ou d'un facteur de production), l'augmentation de la quantité de production provoquée par l'augmentation d'une unité de cet intrant (ou de ce facteur de production), la quantité des autres intrants demeurant inchangée - condition toutes choses égales par ailleurs (ou ceteris paribus).