Tagalog (ethnie)thumb|Costumes Tagalog au début du . Aventures d'un gentilhomme breton aux îles Philippines, par Paul de La Gironière, 1855. Les Tagalog sont l'une des principales ethnies des Philippines, avec autour de d'habitants. Leur nom provient du terme local taga ilog, qui signifie « ceux qui vivent près de la (ou d'une) rivière », ou « ceux qui viennent de la rivière ». Cette ethnie est majoritaire dans les provinces d'Aurora, Bataan, Batangas (qui serait leur région d'origine), Cavite, Bulacain, Laguna, Grand Manille, Nueva Ecija, Mindoro occidental, Mindoro oriental, Quezon, Camarines Norte, Marinduque et Rizal.
MaginooThe Tagalog maginoo, the Kapampangan ginu, and the Visayan tumao were the nobility social class among various cultures of the pre-colonial Philippines. Among the Visayans, the tumao were further distinguished from the immediate royal families, the kadatuan. Barangay state and History of the Philippines (900-1565) The Tagalogs had a three-class social structure consisting of the maginoo (royalty), the maharlika (lit. freemen; warrior nobility), and the alipin (serfs and slaves).
NoblesseLe terme noblesse peut désigner une qualité qui peut être morale ou institutionnelle, et qui, dans le second cas, peut être détenue à titre personnel ou bien dynastique, révocable ou héréditaire. distingue dès le la noblesse morale de la noblesse politique. La « noblesse morale » n'est ni un ordre social, ni une caste, ni un apanage, mais une forme de responsabilité philanthropique, un comportement vertueux et généreux, que tout homme de toute condition peut adopter selon sa vocation et son éducation : Grégoire de Nazianze la divise en « trois genres ».
BisayaOn appelle Bisaya les populations des régions centrale et méridionale des Philippines. Plus de 40 % des Philippins sont d'origine Bisaya. Les Bisaya appellent leurs langues respectives binisaya. Sur le plan linguistique, on appelle langues bisayas un sous-groupe dans le rameau des langues philippines de la branche malayo-polynésienne des langues austronésiennes. Les principales langues de ce sous-groupe sont le cebuano, l'ilongo, le waray-waray et le tausug. Il ne faut pas confondre les Bisaya des Philippines avec les , dans le nord de l'île de Bornéo.
TimawaThe timawa were the feudal warrior class of the ancient Visayan societies of the Philippines. They were regarded as higher than the uripon (commoners, serfs, and slaves) but below the tumao (royal nobility) in the Visayan social hierarchy. They were roughly similar to the Tagalog maharlika caste. The term later lost its military and nobility connotations and was demoted to mean "freemen" during the Spanish conquest of the Philippines.
LumadThe Lumad are a group of Austronesian indigenous people in the southern Philippines. It is a Cebuano term meaning "native" or "indigenous". The term is short for Katawhang Lumad (Literally: "indigenous people"), the autonym officially adopted by the delegates of the Lumad Mindanao Peoples Federation (LMPF) founding assembly on 26 June 1986 at the Guadalupe Formation Center, Balindog, Kidapawan, Cotabato, Philippines. Usage of the term was accepted in Philippine jurisprudence when President Corazon Aquino signed into law Republic Act 6734, where the word was used in Art.
Péninsule de Zamboangavignette|236x236px La péninsule de Zamboanga est une péninsule et une région des Philippines, également appelée « région XI ». Elle forme, au sud, le golfe de Moro, partie de la mer de Célèbes. La région comprend trois provinces, Zamboanga du Nord, Zamboanga du Sud et Zamboanga Sibugay, ainsi que les villes de Dipolog, Dapitan, Pagadian (qui est sa capitale), Isabela (géographiquement située dans la province de Basilan) et Zamboanga. Avant la promulgation de l'ordre exécutif No. 36 le , elle portait le nom de Mindanao occidentale.
Filipino shamansFilipino shamans, commonly known as babaylan (also balian or katalonan, among many other names), were shamans of the various ethnic groups of the pre-colonial Philippine islands. These shamans specialized in communicating, appeasing, or harnessing the spirits of the dead and the spirits of nature. They were almost always women or feminized men (asog or bayok). They were believed to have spirit guides, by which they could contact and interact with the spirits and deities (anito or diwata) and the spirit world.
MaharlikaThe maharlika (meaning freeman or freedman) were the feudal warrior class in ancient Tagalog society in Luzon, the Philippines. They belonged to the lower nobility class similar to the timawa of the Visayan people. In modern Filipino, however, the word has come to refer to aristocrats or to royal nobility, which was actually restricted to the hereditary maginoo class. Barangay state and History of the Philippines (900-1565) The maharlika were a martial class of freemen.
AnitoAnito, also spelled anitu, refers to ancestor spirits, nature spirits, and deities in the indigenous Philippine folk religions from the precolonial age to the present, although the term itself may have other meanings and associations depending on the Filipino ethnic group. It can also refer to carved humanoid figures, the taotao, made of wood, stone, or ivory, that represent these spirits. Anito (a term predominantly used in Luzon) is also sometimes known as diwata in certain ethnic groups (especially among Visayans).
