Erythropoiesis-stimulating agent

Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA) are medications which stimulate the bone marrow to make red blood cells. They are used to treat anemia due to end stage kidney disease, chemotherapy, major surgery, or certain treatments in HIV/AIDS. In these situations they decrease the need for blood transfusions. The different agents are more or less equivalent. They are given by injection. Common side effects may include joint pain, rash, vomiting, and headache. Serious side effects may include heart attacks, stroke, increased cancer growth, or pure red cell aplasia. It is unclear if use is safe during pregnancy. They work similar to naturally occurring erythropoietin. They were first approved for medical use in the United States in 1989. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Commercially available agents include epoetin alfa and darbepoetin alfa, and biosimilars. Use among athletes is prohibited by the World Anti-Doping Agency. ESAs are used to maintain hemoglobin at the lowest level that both minimizes transfusions and best meets a person's needs. Medical speciality professional organizations do not recommend the use of ESAs in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) who have hemoglobin levels greater than 10 g/dL and do not have anemia symptoms. In preterm babies ESAs may help reduce the need for red blood cell transfusions. The 2020 Cochrane Anaesthesia Review Group review of Erythropoietin plus iron versus control treatment including placebo or iron for preoperative anaemic adults undergoing non‐cardiac surgery demonstrated that patients were much less likely to require red cell transfusion and in those transfused, the volumes were unchanged (mean difference -0.09, 95% CI -0.23 to 0.05). Pre-op Hb concentration was increased in those receiving 'high dose' EPO, but not 'low dose'. There is no evidence that one agent is better than another in the setting of CKD.

A KRAB/KAP1-miRNA Cascade Regulates Erythropoiesis Through Stage-Specific Control of Mitophagy

Didier Trono, Jiri Vanicek, Isabelle Barde, Sonia Verp, Sandra Eloise Kjeldsen, Adamantia Kapopoulou, Andrea Corsinotti, Ray Marcel Marin Florez, Benjamin Rauwel

During hematopoiesis, lineage- and stage-specific transcription factors work in concert with chromatin modifiers to direct the differentiation of all blood cells. Here, we explored the role of KRAB-containing zinc finger proteins (KRAB-ZFPs) and their cofa ...

Amer Assoc Advancement Science2013

Prevention of the initial host immuno-inflammatory response determines the long-term survival of encapsulated myoblasts genetically engineered for erythropoietin delivery

Patrick Aebischer, Bernard Schneider

The present study investigates the respective roles of both the host immune response and the metabolic requirements in determining the long-term survival of erythropoietin-secreting myoblasts within encapsulating polymer membranes. Hollow-fiber capsules lo ...

2003