Denial and deceptionDenial and deception (D&D) is a Western theoretical framework for conceiving and analyzing military intelligence techniques pertaining to secrecy and deception. Originating in the 1980s, it is roughly based on the more pragmatic Soviet practices of maskirovka (which preceded the D&D conceptualization by decades) but it has a more theoretical approach compared to the latter. In the D&D framework, denial and deception are seen as distinct but complementary endeavors.
Postvéritévignette|Caricature de l'humoriste Stephen Colbert, auteur en 2005 du concept de « truthiness », illustrant un état d'esprit émergeant alors aux États-Unis, à la suite de la montée en puissance des théories du complot. Les expressions « ère post-vérité » et, plus rarement, « ère post-factuelle », sont utilisées pour décrire l'évolution des interactions entre la politique et les médias au , du fait de la montée en puissance de l'usage social d'internet, notamment de la blogosphère et des médias sociaux.
Retouche d'imageLa retouche d'image désigne tout procédé qui consiste à modifier une , photographie, film cinématographique ou peinture. En photographie, la retouche consiste à corriger des défauts d'aspect, éclaircir ou assombrir l'image, augmenter ou diminuer les contrastes et retravailler la saturation des couleurs. Elle peut aussi faire référence à des modifications plus importantes. Si on transforme une photographie pour ajouter une personne ou en enlever une, on parle alors de photomontage ou de trucage photographique.
MaskirovkaMaskirovka (en маскировка, littéralement : camouflage) est un terme russe qui désigne l'art de la désinformation militaire. Il en résulte que ce terme est souvent appliqué aux comportements russes de dissimulation en matière militaire. La maskirovka ne recouvre aucune pratique spécifiquement russe mais trouve son originalité dans l'appréhension des techniques de désinformation comme un tout, depuis le simple camouflage à l'échelon individuel jusqu'au niveau stratégique.
Blowback (intelligence)Blowback is a term originating from within the Central Intelligence Agency, explaining the unintended consequences and unwanted side-effects of a covert operation. To the civilians suffering the blowback of covert operations, the effect typically manifests itself as "random" acts of political violence without a discernible, direct cause; because the public—in whose name the intelligence agency acted—are unaware of the effected secret attacks that provoked revenge (counter-attack) against them.
TradecraftTradecraft, within the intelligence community, refers to the techniques, methods, and technologies used in modern espionage (spying) and generally as part of the activity of intelligence assessment. This includes general topics or techniques (dead drops, for example), or the specific techniques of a nation or organization (the particular form of encryption (encoding) used by the National Security Agency, for example). Agent handling is the management of espionage agents, principal agents, and agent networks (called "assets") by intelligence officers, who are typically known as case officers.
Demoralization (warfare)Demoralization is, in a context of warfare, national security, and law enforcement, a process in psychological warfare with the objective to erode morale among enemy combatants and/or noncombatants. That can encourage them to retreat, surrender, or defect rather than defeating them in combat. Demoralization methods are military tactics such as hit-and-run attacks, such as snipers disturbing the enemy with less-lethal weapons and incapacitating agents, and intimidation such as display of force concentration.
Viral phenomenonViral phenomena or viral sensation are objects or patterns that are able to replicate themselves or convert other objects into copies of themselves when these objects are exposed to them. Analogous to the way in which viruses propagate, the term viral pertains to a video, image, or written content spreading to numerous online users within a short time period. This concept has become a common way to describe how thoughts, information, and trends move into and through a human population.
Intelligence officerAn intelligence officer is a person employed by an organization to collect, compile or analyze information (known as intelligence) which is of use to that organization. The word of officer is a working title, not a rank, used in the same way a "police officer" can also be a sergeant, or in the military, in which non-commissioned personnel may serve as intelligence officers. Organizations which employ intelligence officers include armed forces, police, and customs agencies.
Boîte aux lettres morteUne boîte aux lettres morte est un emplacement permettant à des personnes d’échanger secrètement des messages ou des objets sans avoir besoin de se rencontrer physiquement. La boîte aux lettres morte constitue un coupe-circuit. Consignes (ex : consigne automatique) ; Livre dans une bibliothèque ou librairie ; Communication par ondes radios d'une portée de quelques mètres seulement (exemple : ondes courtes).
