Folk taxonomy

A folk taxonomy is a vernacular naming system, as distinct from scientific taxonomy. Folk biological classification is the way people traditionally describe and organize the world around them, typically making generous use of form taxa such as "shrubs", "bugs", "ducks", "fish", "algae", "vegetables", or of economic criteria such as "game animals", "pack animals", "weeds" and other like terms. Folk taxonomies are generated from social knowledge and are used in everyday speech. They are distinguished from scientific taxonomies that claim to be disembedded from social relations and thus more objective and universal. Folk taxonomies exist to allow popular identification of classes of objects, and apply to all subsections of human activity. All parts of the world have their own systems of naming local plants and animals. These naming systems are a vital aid to survival and include information such as the fruiting patterns of trees and the habits of large mammals. These localised naming systems are folk taxonomies. Theophrastus recorded evidence of a Greek folk taxonomy for plants, but later formalized botanical taxonomies were laid out in the 18th century by Carl Linnaeus. Anthropologists have observed that taxonomies are generally embedded in local cultural and social systems, and serve various social functions. One of the best-known and most influential studies of folk taxonomies is Émile Durkheim's The Elementary Forms of Religious Life. Scientists generally recognize that folk taxonomies conflict at times with Linnaean taxonomy or current interpretations of evolutionary relationships, and can tend to refer to generalized rather than quantitatively informative traits in an organism. Some anthropologists say race is a folk taxonomy. Linnaean Taxonomy is a scientifically ranked based classification system of living organisms. Developed by Carl Linnaeus, the classification system biologically distinguishes all differentiable species that have been discovered into subcategories.

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Folk taxonomy

Taxonomy

Taxonomy is the practice and science of categorization or classification. A taxonomy (or taxonomical classification) is a scheme of classification, especially a hierarchical classification, in which things are organized into groups or types. Among other things, a taxonomy can be used to organize and index knowledge (stored as documents, articles, videos, etc.), such as in the form of a library classification system, or a search engine taxonomy, so that users can more easily find the information they are searching for.

Poisson

Les poissons sont des animaux vertébrés aquatiques à branchies, pourvus de nageoires dont le corps est généralement couvert d'écailles. On les trouve abondamment aussi bien dans les eaux douces, saumâtres et de mers : on trouve des espèces depuis les sources de montagnes (omble de fontaine, goujon) jusqu'au plus profond des mers et océans (grandgousier, poisson-ogre). Leur répartition est toutefois très inégale : 50 % des poissons vivraient dans 17 % de la surface des océans (qui sont souvent aussi les plus surexploités).

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