Behavior analysis of child developmentThe behavioral analysis of child development originates from John B. Watson's behaviorism. In 1948, Sidney Bijou took a position as associate professor of psychology at the University of Washington and served as director of the university's Institute of Child Development. Under his leadership, the Institute added a child development clinic and nursery school classrooms where they conducted research that would later accumulate into the area that would be called "Behavior Analysis of Child Development".
Analyse appliquée du comportementL'analyse du comportement appliquée, siglée ABA, en anglais Applied Behavior Analysis, se définit comme la science dans laquelle les techniques dérivées du béhaviorisme sont appliquées systématiquement afin d'améliorer des comportements socialement significatifs, et dans laquelle l'expérimentation est utilisée pour identifier les variables explicatives du comportement. L'analyse appliquée du comportement a remplacé la modification du comportement » (behavior modification) car cette dernière approche tentait de changer le comportement sans clarifier les interactions sous-jacentes avec l'environnement.
Behavior modificationBehavior modification is an early approach that used respondent and operant conditioning to change behavior. Based on methodological behaviorism, overt behavior was modified with consequences, including positive and negative reinforcement contingencies to increase desirable behavior, or administering positive and negative punishment and/or extinction to reduce problematic behavior. It also used Flooding desensitization to combat phobias.
Behavior managementBehavior management, similar to behavior modification, is a less-intensive form of behavior therapy. Unlike behavior modification, which focuses on changing behavior, behavior management focuses on maintaining positive habits and behaviors and reducing negative ones. Behavior management skills are especially useful for teachers and educators, healthcare workers, and those working in supported living communities. This form of management aims to help professionals oversee and guide behavior management in individuals and groups toward fulfilling, productive, and socially acceptable behaviors.
Behavioral activationBehavioral activation (BA) is a third generation behavior therapy for treating depression. Behavioral activation primarily emphasizes engaging in positive and enjoyable activities to enhance one's mood. It is one form of functional analytic psychotherapy, which is based on a Skinnerian psychological model of behavior change, generally referred to as applied behavior analysis. This area is also a part of what is called clinical behavior analysis (CBA) and makes up one of the most effective practices in the professional practice of behavior analysis.
Stimulus controlIn behavioral psychology (or applied behavior analysis), stimulus control is a phenomenon in operant conditioning (also called contingency management) that occurs when an organism behaves in one way in the presence of a given stimulus and another way in its absence. A stimulus that modifies behavior in this manner is either a discriminative stimulus (Sd) or stimulus delta (S-delta). Stimulus-based control of behavior occurs when the presence or absence of an Sd or S-delta controls the performance of a particular behavior.
Méthodes d'intervention en autismeLes méthodes d'intervention en autisme sont des stratégies ou méthodes visant à aider les personnes autistes à compenser leur situation de handicap. Comme le précise l'OMS, il n'existe pas de traitement curatif de l'autisme. Issues de diverses théorisations, ces approches sont principalement éducatives et psychothérapeutiques. Elles peuvent suivre d'autres aspects. Il existe enfin une dimension médicameuteuse, voire alimentaire.
Contingency managementContingency management (CM) is the application of the three-term contingency (or operant conditioning), which uses stimulus control and consequences to change behavior. CM originally derived from the science of applied behavior analysis (ABA), but it is sometimes implemented from a cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) framework as well (such as in dialectical behavior therapy, or DBT). Incentive-based contingency management is well-established when used as a clinical behavior analysis (CBA) treatment for substance use disorders, which entails that patients' earn money (vouchers) or other incentives (i.
Community reinforcement approach and family trainingCommunity reinforcement approach and family training (CRAFT) is a behavior therapy approach in psychotherapy for treating addiction developed by Robert J. Meyers in the late 1970s. Meyers worked with Nathan Azrin in the early 1970s whilst he was developing his own community reinforcement approach (CRA) which uses operant conditioning (also called contingency management) techniques to help people learn to reduce the power of their addictions and enjoy healthy living.
BéhaviorismeLe béhaviorisme ou comportementalisme est un paradigme de la psychologie scientifique selon lequel le comportement observable est essentiellement conditionné soit par les mécanismes de réponse réflexe à un stimulus donné, soit par l'histoire des interactions de l'individu avec son environnement, notamment les punitions et renforcements par le passé. L'approche béhavioriste vise à mettre au jour des relations statistiquement significatives entre les variables de l'environnement et les mesures du comportement étudié sans faire appel au psychisme comme mécanisme explicatif.
