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Concept
Évacuation d'urgence
Résumé
Emergency evacuation is the urgent immediate egress or escape of people away from an area that contains an imminent threat, an ongoing threat or a hazard to lives or property.
Examples range from the small-scale evacuation of a building due to a storm or fire to the large-scale evacuation of a city because of a flood, bombardment or approaching weather system, especially a tropical cyclone. In situations involving hazardous materials or possible contamination, evacuees may be decontaminated prior to being transported out of the contaminated area. Evacuation planning is an important aspect of business management of which emergency evacuation forms a part.
Evacuations may be carried out before, during, or after disasters such as:
Natural disasters
Eruptions of volcanoes
Tropical cyclones
Floods
Earthquakes
Tsunamis
Wildfires/Bushfires
Industrial accidents
Chemical spill
Nuclear accident
Transport
Road accidents
Train wreck
Emergency aircraft evacuation
Fires
Industrial fires
Military attacks
Bombings
Terrorist attacks
Military battles
Imminent nuclear war
Structural failure
Viral outbreak
Robbery
Plane crash
Emergency evacuation plans are developed to ensure the safest and most efficient evacuation time of all expected residents of a structure, city, or region. A benchmark "evacuation time" for different hazards and conditions is established. These benchmarks can be established through using best practices, regulations, or using simulations, such as modeling the flow of people in a building, to determine the benchmark. Proper planning will use multiple exits, contra-flow lanes, and special technologies to ensure full, fast and complete evacuation. Consideration for personal situations which may affect an individual's ability to evacuate is taken into account, including alarm signals that use both aural and visual alerts, and also evacuation equipment such as sleds, pads, and chairs for non-ambulatory people. Considering the persons with a disability during an emergency evacuation is important.
Source officielle
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