Déshydratation (médecine)

Résumé

En médecine, la déshydratation représente la contraction d'un ou plusieurs secteurs liquidiens de l'organisme, consécutivement à des anomalies métaboliques variées. Sa cause principale est la perte de sodium, ion qui fixe les molécules d'eau. Elle est le plus souvent globale (impliquant à la fois le secteur intracellulaire et extracellulaire), mais elle peut aussi être cantonnée à un de ces secteurs, en particulier en début d'évolution. C'est un syndrome fréquent mais qui peut être grave, car elle entraîne un risque de collapsus (choc hypovolémique) lorsqu'elle est sévère. On retrouve globalement trois schémas de déshydratation : la déshydratation extracellulaire (DEC), la déshydratation intracellulaire (DIC), la déshydratation globale (intra et extracellulaire). Caractéristiques Déshydratation extracellulaire Déshydratation extracellulaire Elle correspond à un bilan sodé négatif (perte de sodium et donc d'eau associée). Son diagnostic est essentiellement cli

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https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9shydratation_(m%C3%A9decine)

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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Changes in the brain composition of anorexics could potentially be expected, opening the door to new imaging approaches where quantitative and qualitative MRI have a role. Our purpose was to investigate anorexia-related brain dehydration and myelin depletion by analyzing T1, T2, and T2* relaxation times of different brain structures in anorexics and controls. METHODS Thirty-eight anorexic female patients (mean age, 26.2 years; age range, 16.2-48.7 years; mean BMI, 14.5 kg/m(2); BMI range, 10.0-18.4 kg/m(2)) underwent brain MRI between August 2014 and August 2018. Controls were 16 healthy females (mean age, 28.0 years; age range, 22.3-34.7 years; mean BMI, 20.9 kg/m(2); BMI range, 18.4-26.6 kg/m(2)). T1, T2, and T2* relaxation times were obtained for different brain structures in anorexics and controls as part of this retrospective case-control study. RESULTS The T1 relaxation times of gray and white matter were significantly lower in anorexics (P = .009), whereas the T2 relaxation times of gray matter were higher (P < .001). There were no statistically significant differences in gray matter T2* relaxation times or in white matter T2 and T2* relaxation times between anorexics and controls. Occipital lobe gray matter showed the shortest T1, T2, and T2* relaxation times of all brain regions (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS T1 shortening in anorexics suggests both dehydration and myelin loss, whereas T2 prolongation points toward myelin loss (myelin water has lower T2), which seems to be less discernible in white matter. Shorter overall relaxation times in the most posterior regions of the brain suggest higher iron content.

WILEY2019

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A process and device for direct in-vitro to in-vivo transfer of a living microcarrier culture by controlled dehydration into a viscoelastic material capable of cell-protection during delivery. One particular purpose of the present invention is that of providing a process and device for direct in-vitro to in-vivo transfer of living microcarrier co-cultures.

2021

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, , ,

We present herein a thorough description of the effects of high glucose concentrations on the diffusion, hydration and internal dynamics of ubiquitin, as predicted from extensive molecular dynamics simulations on several systems described at fully atomistic level. We observe that the protein acts as a seed that speeds up the natural propensity of glucose to cluster at high concentration; the sugar molecules thus aggregate around the protein trapping it inside a dynamic cage. This process extensively dehydrates the protein surface, restricts the motions of the remaining water molecules, and drags the large-scale, collective motions of protein atoms slowing down the rate of exploration of the conformational space despite only a slight dampening of fast, local dynamics. We discuss how these effects could be relevant to the function of sugars as preservation agents in biological materials, and how crowding by small sticky molecules could modulate proteins across different reaction coordinates inside the cellular cytosol.

Amer Chemical Soc2014

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