Concept
Harris matrix
Concepts associés (14)
Archéologie
vignette|350px|Fouilles archéologiques. vignette|350px|Théâtre romain, Alexandrie, Égypte, découvert par accident en 1960 par l'expédition polonaise égyptienne à Kom el-Dekka. L' est une discipline scientifique dont l'objectif est d'étudier l'être humain à travers l'ensemble des vestiges matériels (artéfacts et ) ayant subsisté au cours des siècles. Provenant de fouilles ou non, ces vestiges sont de nature variée : outils, ossements, poteries, armes, pièces de monnaie, bijoux, vêtements, empreintes, traces, peintures, bâtiments, infrastructures, etc.
Section (archaeology)
In archaeology a section is a view in part of the archaeological sequence showing it in the vertical plane, as a cross section, and thereby illustrating its profile and stratigraphy. This may make it easier to view and interpret as it developed over time. Half-sectioning is the usual method whereby one half of a feature is excavated and the remainder left in situ. Large linear features may be sectioned at intervals along their lengths.
Single context recording
Single context recording was initially developed by Ed Harris and Patrick Ottaway in 1976, from a suggestion by Laurence Keen. It was further developed by the Department of Urban Archaeology (Museum of London) from where it was then exported, in the mid-1980s by Pete Clarke to the Scottish Urban Archaeological Trust and Nick Pearson to the York Archaeological Trust. It has become a popular system of recording and planning being used in many countries in Europe and in Lebanon, it is especially suited to the complexities of deep, typically urban, archaeology.
Relationship (archaeology)
An archaeological relationship is the position in space and by implication, in time, of an object or context with respect to another. This is determined, not by linear measurement but by determining the sequence of their deposition – which arrived before the other. The key to this is stratigraphy. Archaeological material would, to a very large extent, have been called rubbish when it was left on the site. It tends to accumulate in events. A gardener swept a pile of soil into a corner, laid a gravel path or planted a bush in a hole.
Stratigraphy (archaeology)
Stratigraphy is a key concept to modern archaeological theory and practice. Modern excavation techniques are based on stratigraphic principles. The concept derives from the geological use of the idea that sedimentation takes place according to uniform principles. When archaeological finds are below the surface of the ground (as is most commonly the case), the identification of the context of each find is vital in enabling the archaeologist to draw conclusions about the site and about the nature and date of its occupation.
Principe de superposition (géologie)
vignette|Les couches sédimentaires s'empilent les unes sur les autres, horizontalement, et, de ce principe de superposition, Sténon conclut que chaque strate représente une unité de temps. vignette|Bloc-diagramme illustrant le principe de superposition : filon rectiligne (B) qui recoupe les strates des roches sédimentaires plus anciennes (A) mais est recoupé par une surface d'érosion postérieure (C) qui limite les roches sédimentaires plus jeunes (D). Segmentation de filon (E) par une faille postérieure (F).
Glossaire de l'archéologie
Glossaire de termes relatifs à l'archéologie. Voir aussi « Lexique de l'archéologie ». Abaque syn.
Cut (archaeology)
In archaeology and archaeological stratification, a cut or truncation is a context that represents a moment in time when other archaeological deposits were removed for the creation of some feature, such as a ditch or pit. In layman's terms, a cut can be thought of as a hole that was dug in the past, though cut also applies to other parts of the archaeological record such as horizontal truncations like terraced ground. A cut context is sometimes referred to as a "negative context", as opposed to a "positive context".
Plan (archaeology)
In archaeological excavation, a plan is a drawn record of features and artifacts in the horizontal plane. Archaeological plan can either take the form of a "multi context" plan, which is drawn with many contexts on it to show relationships between these features as part of some phase, or alternatively a single context plan with a single feature is drawn . Excavated features are drawn in three dimensions with the help of drawing conventions such as hachures. Single context planning developed by the Museum of London has become the professional norm.
Seriation (archaeology)
In archaeology, seriation is a relative dating method in which assemblages or artifacts from numerous sites in the same culture are placed in chronological order. Where absolute dating methods, such as radio carbon, cannot be applied, archaeologists have to use relative dating methods to date archaeological finds and features. Seriation is a standard method of dating in archaeology. It can be used to date stone tools, pottery fragments, and other artifacts.