Équation de bilan de la quantité de mouvement

Résumé

En mécanique des fluides, l'équation de bilan de la quantité de mouvement découle du principe fondamental de la dynamique appliqué à un fluide. Avec l'équation de conservation de la masse et l'équation de la chaleur elle fait partie des équations de Navier-Stokes. Formulation générale De façon générale, le bilan de la quantité de mouvement s'exprime sous la forme : \frac{\partial \left( \rho \vec{v} \right)}{\partial t} + \vec{\nabla} \cdot \left(\rho \vec{v} \otimes \vec{v} \right) = - \vec{\nabla} p + \vec{\nabla} \cdot \overline{\overline {\tau}} + \rho \vec{f} Dans ces équations :

t représente le temps (unité SI : ) ;
\rho désigne la masse volumique du fluide (unité SI : ) ;
\vec{v} = ( v_1, v_2, v_3 ) désigne la vitesse eulérienne d'une particule fluide (unité SI : ) ;
p désigne la pression (unité SI : ) ;
\overline{\overline{\tau}} = \left( \tau_{i,j} \right)_{i,j} est le tenseur

Source officielle

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89quation_de_bilan_de_la_quantit%C3%A9_de_mouvement

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Aluminium is a metal sought in the industry because of its various physical properties. It is produced by an electrolysis reduction process in large cells. In these cells, a large electric current goes through the electrolytic bath and the liquid aluminium. This electric current generates electromagnetic forces that set the bath and the aluminium into motion. Moreover, large quantities of carbon dioxide gas are produced through chemical reactions in the electrolytic bath: the presence of these gases alleviates the density of the liquid bath and changes the dynamics of the flow. Accurate knowledge of this fluid flow is essential to improve the efficiency of the whole process.The purpose of this thesis is to study and approximate the interaction of carbon dioxide with the fluid flow in the aluminium electrolysis process.In the first chapter of this work, a mixture-averaged model is developed for mixtures of gas and liquid. The model is based on the conservation of mass and momentum equations of the two phases, liquid and gas. By combining these equations, a system is established that takes into account the velocity of the liquid-gas mixture, the pressure, the gas velocity and the local gas concentration as unknowns.In the second chapter, a simplified problem is studied theoretically. It is shown that under the assumption that the gas concentration is small, the problem is well-posed. Moreover, we prove a priori error estimates of a finite element approximation of this problem.In the third chapter, we compare this liquid-gas model with a water column reactor experiment. Finally, the last chapter shows that the fluid flow is changed in aluminium electrolysis cells when we take into account the density of the bath reduced by carbon dioxide. These changes are quantified as being of the order of 30% and explain partially the differences between previous models and observations from Rio Tinto Aluminium engineers.

EPFL2022

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Large eddy simulation of the differentially heated cubic cavity flow by the spectral element method

Christoph Bosshard, Abdelouahab Dehbi, Michel Deville, Emmanuel Leriche, Riccardo Puragliesi, Alfredo Soldati

Large eddy simulations of the turbulent natural convection flow in a differentially heated cavity have been carried out at a Rayleigh number of 10(9) using the spectral element method. To obtain the large eddy simulation equations, a low pass filter given by the numerical space discretisation is applied to the Boussinesq equations. The subgrid tensor in the filtered momentum equation is modelled by a subgrid viscosity computed by the dynamic Smagorinsky model. To model the subgrid heat flux vector in the filtered temperature equation, a subgrid diffusivity is used which is related to the subgrid viscosity by a dynamically computed subgrid Prandtl number. All filtering operations are done in an elementwise defined hierarchical polynomial basis. The test filter for the dynamic procedure is chosen so that the grid filter and the combination of the grid with the test filter are self-similar. An important parameter of the simulation namely the choice of the decomposition of the computational domain into spectral elements is fully discussed. Large eddy simulations for three different grid resolutions are validated and compared with a highly accurate direct numerical simulation. At the end, turbulence structures associated with the maximum of the turbulent kinetic energy production are identified by the lambda(2) criterion. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd2013

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A decoupled and unconditionally convergent linear FEM integrator for the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation with magnetostriction

Jonathan Rochat

To describe and simulate dynamic micromagnetic phenomena, we consider a coupled system of the non-linear Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation and the conservation of momentum equation. This coupling allows one to include magnetostrictive effects into the simulations. Existence of weak solutions has recently been shown in Carbou et al. (2011) (Global weak solutions for the Landau-Lifschitz equation with magnetostriction. Math. Meth. Appl. Sci., 34, 1274-1288). In our contribution, we give an alternate proof which additionally provides an effective numerical integrator. The latter is based on linear finite elements (FEs) in space and a linear-implicit Euler time-stepping. Despite the nonlinearity, only two linear systems have to be solved per timestep, and the integrator fully decouples both equations. Finally, we prove unconditional convergence-at least of a subsequence-towards, and hence existence of, a weak solution of the coupled system, as timestep size and spatial mesh size tend to zero. We conclude the work with numerical experiments, which study the discrete blow-up of the LLG equation as well as the influence of the magnetostrictive term on the discrete blow-up.

Oxford University Press2014

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