Biological imaging

Résumé

Biological imaging may refer to any imaging technique used in biology. Typical examples include:

Bioluminescence imaging, a technique for studying laboratory animals using luminescent protein
Calcium imaging, determining the calcium status of a tissue using fluorescent light
Diffuse optical imaging, using near-infrared light to generate images of the body
Diffusion-weighted imaging, a type of MRI that uses water diffusion
Fluorescence lifetime imaging, using the decay rate of a fluorescent sample
Gallium imaging, a nuclear medicine method for the detection of infections and cancers
Imaging agent, a chemical designed to allow clinicians to determine whether a mass is benign or malignant
Imaging studies, which includes many medical imaging techniques
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a non-invasive method to render images of living tissues
Magneto-acousto-electrical tomography (MAET), is an imaging modality to image the electrical conductivity of biological tissues

Source officielle

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_imaging

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Imaging blood cells through scattering biological tissue using speckle scanning microscopy

Demetri Psaltis, Ye Pu, Xin Yang

We demonstrate imaging of blood cells enclosed in chicken skin tissue using speckle scanning microscopy (SSM). Clear images of multiple cells were obtained with subcellular resolution and good image fidelity, provided that the object dimension was smaller than the maximum scanning range of the speckle pattern. These results point to the potential and the challenges of using SSM technique for biological imaging. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America

Optical Society of America2014

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Second harmonic generation microscopy is used to image interfaces or non-centrosymmetric structures and molecules. Two-photon fluorescence microscopy can image molecules within cells without using markers. Thus those technics have lead to advances in our understanding of structure such as lipid membranes, or of the physical properties of tightly confined of water. They are also powerful tools for biological imaging, allowing to study microtubule orientation or electric potential in neurons for instance. However Multiphoton emission microscopy, as it relies on non-linear light-matter interaction, requires high intensity. Femtosecond lasers allow for such intensities while keeping fluence low enough to not cause damage to the material. Making such a laser tunable though the use of optical parametrical amplification (OPA) improves penetration in tissues and water, and allows to probe some materials at resonance. Fiber lasers should be well suited for this application, as they are cheaper than bulk lasers and less sensitive to misalignment. During this PhD we aim at building a new tunable femtosecond fiber laser. We will seek to optimise the parametrical amplification process to have high efficiency conversion from 2500 to 700nm. We expect to reach pulse duration as short as 30 fs, energy up to 200nJ and repetition rate up to 2MHz.

EPFL2021

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Two-photon fluorescence imaging through multicore fiber with digital phase conjugation

Donald Benjaman Conkey, Christophe Moser, Demetri Psaltis, Nicolino Stasio

We present near diffraction limited two photon fluorescence (TPF) imaging through a lensless, multi-core fiber (MCF) endoscope utilizing digital phase conjugation. The ultra-small size of MCFs make them desirable tools for imaging deep into the body. TPF imaging enables optical sectioning and is widely used in brain and biological imaging and is a desired modality for fiber endoscopes. Previous implementations of TPF imaging through MCFs focus and scan the light from individual cores for image formation. In such systems the resolution is limited by the MCF core spacing, although a lens may be used to improve the resolution at the expense of the field of view. Other, more recent work has improved the resolution limitation using custom built MCFs for focusing and scanning of ultrafast pulses using wavefront shaping. Here we present digital phase conjugation for ultrafast pulse focusing through a MCF for an imaging resolution independent of the MCF core spacing. Furthermore, the phase conjugation technique does not require the use of a lens at the fiber end for focus formation and is compatible with commercially available MCFs with a large number of cores. Here, we present a 3000 core MCF endoscope and demonstrate ultrafast pulse focusing with sufficient focus spot contrast and power for TPF endoscope imaging. We construct TPF images by digital scanning of the phase conjugated focus on the target object and collection of the emitted fluorescence through the MCF. This work demonstrates the viability of digital conjugation combined with commercially available MCFs for higher resolution lensless, two photon endoscopy.

Spie-Int Soc Optical Engineering2016

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