OrthophonieL'orthophonie (ortho : « droit », phonè : « son »), ou logopédie (logos : « parole », paideia : « éducation ») en Belgique et en Suisse, est une profession paramédicale, pratiquée par des orthophonistes uniquement avec prescription médicale en France et au Canada, des logopèdes en Belgique et des logopédistes en Suisse, et liée à un champ d'expertises et de pratiques thérapeutiques spécialisées dans l'évaluation et le traitement des troubles de la communication que ce soit à la voix, à la parole et au langa
Language delayA language delay is a language disorder in which a child fails to develop language abilities at the usual age-appropriate period in their developmental timetable. It is most commonly seen in children ages two to seven years-old and can continue into adulthood. The reported prevalence of language delay ranges from 2.3 to 19 percent. Language is a uniquely human form of communication that entails the use of words in a standard and structured way. Language is distinct from communication. Communication is a two-stage process.
Expressive language disorderExpressive language disorder is one of the "specific developmental disorders of speech and language" recognised by the tenth edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). As of the eleventh edition (ICD-11, current 1 January 2022), it is considered to be covered by the various categories of developmental language disorder. Transition to the ICD-11 will take place at a different time in different countries. The condition is a communication disorder in which there are difficulties with verbal and written expression.
Trouble du langageLes troubles du langage concernent les personnes qui parlent peu ou mal, ont des difficultés pour réaliser des gestes simples, sont intelligents mais semblent mal comprendre ou mal entendre, ont de la peine à lire et à écrire, font des gestes et des mimiques à défaut du mot correspondant, sont lents et ont une scolarisation difficile, ont du mal à soutenir l'attention ou dont le comportement peut poser problème. L’aphasie est définie comme une perte partielle ou complète de l’utilisation du langage consécutive à des lésions cérébrales, généralement situées dans l’hémisphère gauche du cerveau.
Trouble du neurodéveloppementEn psychiatrie, la notion de trouble du neurodéveloppement (TND), ou trouble neurodéveloppemental, se substitue en partie aux notions de trouble du développement présente dans le CIM-10 et de trouble envahissant du développement présente dans le DSM-IV. Elle inclut notamment le TDA/H, les TSA et troubles dys. En France, elle est utilisée dans plusieurs circulaires et lois à partir de 2018 par le gouvernement Philippe, notamment dans le cadre de la politique de l'autisme en France. Catégorie:Forme de handic
Language processing in the brainIn psycholinguistics, language processing refers to the way humans use words to communicate ideas and feelings, and how such communications are processed and understood. Language processing is considered to be a uniquely human ability that is not produced with the same grammatical understanding or systematicity in even human's closest primate relatives. Throughout the 20th century the dominant model for language processing in the brain was the Geschwind-Lichteim-Wernicke model, which is based primarily on the analysis of brain-damaged patients.
Language developmentLanguage development in humans is a process starting early in life. Infants start without knowing a language, yet by 10 months, babies can distinguish speech sounds and engage in babbling. Some research has shown that the earliest learning begins in utero when the fetus starts to recognize the sounds and speech patterns of its mother's voice and differentiate them from other sounds after birth. Typically, children develop receptive language abilities before their verbal or expressive language develops.
Social (pragmatic) communication disorderSocial (pragmatic) communication disorder (SPCD), also known as pragmatic language impairment (PLI), is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by significant difficulties in the social use of verbal and nonverbal communication. Individuals with SPCD struggle to effectively engage in social interactions, interpret social cues, and use language appropriately in social contexts. This disorder can have a profound impact on an individual's ability to establish and maintain relationships, navigate social situations, and participate in academic and professional settings.
Developmental language disorderDevelopmental language disorder (DLD) is identified when a child has problems with language development that continue into school age and beyond. The language problems have a significant impact on everyday social interactions or educational progress, and occur in the absence of autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability or a known biomedical condition. The most obvious problems are difficulties in using words and sentences to express meanings, but for many children, understanding of language (receptive language) is also a challenge.
Trouble de la communicationA communication disorder is any disorder that affects an individual's ability to comprehend, detect, or apply language and speech to engage in dialogue effectively with others. The delays and disorders can range from simple sound substitution to the inability to understand or use one's native language. Disorders and tendencies included and excluded under the category of communication disorders may vary by source. For example, the definitions offered by the American Speech–Language–Hearing Association differ from those of the Diagnostic Statistical Manual 4th edition (DSM-IV).
