Concept
Histoire du communisme
Concepts associés (17)
Types of socialism
Types of socialism include a range of economic and social systems characterised by social ownership and democratic control of the means of production and organizational self-management of enterprises as well as the political theories and movements associated with socialism. Social ownership may refer to forms of public, collective or cooperative ownership, or to citizen ownership of equity in which surplus value goes to the working class and hence society as a whole.
Symbolisme communiste
Le symbolisme communiste représente initialement les idéaux du communisme mais a aussi été largement employé comme identifiant politique par les partis, les organisations de jeunesse, les états et les forces armées communistes. Faucille et marteau Le marteau et la faucille (Unicode: ☭) est le symbole le plus familier au mouvement communiste. Il croise le marteau du prolétariat ouvrier et la faucille du prolétariat paysan pour figurer l'union des travailleurs agricoles et industriels dans leur combat révolutionnaire.
World communism
World communism, also known as global communism, is the hypothetical ultimate form of communism which of necessity has a universal or global scope. The long-term goal of world communism is an unlimited worldwide communist society that is classless (lacking any exploitation of man by man), moneyless (lacking a need for currency to regulate human behavior), and stateless (lacking any violent compulsion of man by man), which may be achieved through an intermediate-term goal of either a voluntary association of sovereign states (a global alliance) or a world government (a single worldwide state).
History of socialism
The history of socialism has its origins in the Age of Enlightenment and the 1789 French Revolution along with the changes that it brought, although it has precedents in earlier movements and ideas. The Communist Manifesto was written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in 1847-48 just before the Revolutions of 1848 swept Europe, expressing what they termed scientific socialism. In the last third of the 19th century parties dedicated to Democratic socialism arose in Europe, drawing mainly from Marxism.
Mutuellisme
Le mutuellisme est une théorie économique socialiste libertaire issue de la pensée de Pierre-Joseph Proudhon. Il prône des relations économiques devant être le plus égales possibles, les prix étant fondés sur la quantité de travail nécessaire à la production. En France, ce mouvement compte jusqu’à deux mille caisses de secours mutuel en 1848. Le mutuellisme libertaire n'est pas à confondre avec la coopération. , écrivait Proudhon.
Mass killings under communist regimes
Mass killings under communist regimes occurred through a variety of means during the 20th century, including executions, famine, deaths through forced labour, deportation, starvation, and imprisonment. Some of these events have been classified as genocides or crimes against humanity. Other terms have been used to describe these events, including classicide, democide, red holocaust, and politicide. The mass killings have been studied by authors and academics and several of them have postulated the potential causes of these killings along with the factors which were associated with them.
Anti-communist mass killings
Anti-communist mass killings are the politically motivated mass killings of communists, alleged communists, or their alleged supporters which were committed by anti-communists and political organizations or governments which opposed communism. The communist movement has faced opposition since it was founded and the opposition to it has often been organized and violent. Many anti-communist mass killing campaigns waged during the Cold War were supported and backed by the United States and its Western Bloc allies.
Famine soviétique de 1946-1947
La famine soviétique de 1946-1947 s'est produite à l'issue de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, qui avait dévasté une part importante de l'appareil de production soviétique, que ce soit par l'ennemi ou par la pratique de la terre brûlée. Elle suit trois autres famines (1917–1922, 1931–1934 et 1941-1945) en Union soviétique.
Drapeau de l'Union des républiques socialistes soviétiques
L'Union des républiques socialistes soviétiques (URSS) a connu plusieurs variantes d'un même drapeau de 1923 à 1991. Il s'agit d'un drapeau à symbolique communiste : le fond est de couleur rouge, couleur du parti communiste et ancien symbole révolutionnaire qui symbolise le sang des défenseurs de la révolution populaire ; dans le coin supérieur gauche, la faucille et le marteau représentent l'union des ouvriers et des paysans ; Ils sont surmontés d'une étoile rouge à contour doré, symbole de l'Armée rouge.
Foreign relations of the Soviet Union
After the Russian Revolution, in which the Bolsheviks took over parts of the collapsing Russian Empire in 1918, they faced enormous odds against the German Empire and eventually negotiated terms to pull out of World War I. They then went to war against the White movement, pro-independence movements, rebellious peasants, former supporters, anarchists and foreign interventionists in the bitter civil war. They set up the Soviet Union in 1922 with Vladimir Lenin in charge.