In accounting, finance, and economics, a risk-seeker or risk-lover is a person who has a preference for risk. While most investors are considered risk averse, one could view casino-goers as risk-seeking. A common example to explain risk-seeking behaviour is; If offered two choices; either 50asasurething,ora50100 or nothing, a risk-seeking person would prefer the gamble. Even though the gamble and the "sure thing" have the same expected value, the preference for risk makes the gamble's expected utility for the individual much higher. In economics and finance, risk neutral preferences are preferences that are neither risk averse nor risk seeking. A risk neutral party's decisions are not affected by the degree of uncertainty in a set of outcomes, so a risk neutral party is indifferent between choices with equal expected payoffs even if one choice is riskier. In the context of the theory of the firm, a risk neutral firm facing risk about the market price of its product, and caring only about profit, would maximize the expected value of its profit (with respect to its choices of labor input usage, output produced, etc.
La prime de risque est un concept de finance qui désigne un supplément de rendement exigé par un investisseur afin de compenser un niveau de risque supérieur à la moyenne. Ce phénomène trouve son origine dans l'aversion au risque consubstantielle aux investisseurs : ceux-ci tendent à préférer un gain faible avec une probabilité de paiement élevée à un gain élevé mais assorti d'une probabilité plus faible. La demande des actifs risqués est ainsi moins forte que celle adressée aux actifs à risque faible.
vignette|Lorsqu'il s'agit de prendre une décision, il est bon de savoir que des situations différentes nécessitent une approche différente. Il n'y a pas de façon unique de penser/d'agir. la plupart du temps, nous errons dans l'espace du désordre, sans savoir ce qui se passe, sans savoir comment agir. Dans ce cas, nous avons tendance à entrer dans l'espace avec lequel nous nous sentons le plus à l'aise et à commencer à agir. Lorsque vous avez trouvé le Saint Graal, la solution unique pour chaque problème, vous feriez mieux de faire attention.
The equity premium puzzle refers to the inability of an important class of economic models to explain the average equity risk premium (ERP) provided by a diversified portfolio of U.S. equities over that of U.S. Treasury Bills, which has been observed for more than 100 years. There is a significant disparity between returns produced by stocks compared to returns produced by government treasury bills. The equity premium puzzle addresses the difficulty in understanding and explaining this disparity.
vignette|La banque Monte dei Paschi di Siena, plus vieille banque du monde. Une banque est une institution financière qui fournit des services bancaires, soit notamment de dépôt, de crédit et paiement. Le terme de banque peut désigner de façon générale le secteur bancaire. Les banques jouent un rôle essentiel dans la stabilité et le fonctionnement du système financier, et sont en général soumises à une importante surveillance prudentielle de la part de l'État.
In finance, economics, and decision theory, hyperbolic absolute risk aversion (HARA) refers to a type of risk aversion that is particularly convenient to model mathematically and to obtain empirical predictions from. It refers specifically to a property of von Neumann–Morgenstern utility functions, which are typically functions of final wealth (or some related variable), and which describe a decision-maker's degree of satisfaction with the outcome for wealth. The final outcome for wealth is affected both by random variables and by decisions.
Uncertainty refers to epistemic situations involving imperfect or unknown information. It applies to predictions of future events, to physical measurements that are already made, or to the unknown. Uncertainty arises in partially observable or stochastic environments, as well as due to ignorance, indolence, or both. It arises in any number of fields, including insurance, philosophy, physics, statistics, economics, finance, medicine, psychology, sociology, engineering, metrology, meteorology, ecology and information science.
In economics and finance, exponential utility is a specific form of the utility function, used in some contexts because of its convenience when risk (sometimes referred to as uncertainty) is present, in which case expected utility is maximized. Formally, exponential utility is given by: is a variable that the economic decision-maker prefers more of, such as consumption, and is a constant that represents the degree of risk preference ( for risk aversion, for risk-neutrality, or for risk-seeking).
Portfolio optimization is the process of selecting the best portfolio (asset distribution), out of the set of all portfolios being considered, according to some objective. The objective typically maximizes factors such as expected return, and minimizes costs like financial risk. Factors being considered may range from tangible (such as assets, liabilities, earnings or other fundamentals) to intangible (such as selective divestment). Modern portfolio theory was introduced in a 1952 doctoral thesis by Harry Markowitz; see Markowitz model.
