Architecture de processeurUne architecture externe de processeur ou architecture de jeu d'instructions (ISA, de l'anglais instruction set architecture), ou tout simplement architecture (de processeur), est la spécification fonctionnelle d'un processeur, du point de vue du programmeur en langage machine. L'architecture comprend notamment la donnée d'un jeu d'instructions, d'un ensemble de registres visibles par le programmeur, d'une organisation de la mémoire et des entrées sorties, des modalités d'un éventuel support multiprocesseur, etc.
Circuit intégré à signaux mixtesA mixed-signal integrated circuit is any integrated circuit that has both analog circuits and digital circuits on a single semiconductor die. Their usage has grown dramatically with the increased use of cell phones, telecommunications, portable electronics, and automobiles with electronics and digital sensors. Integrated circuits (ICs) are generally classified as digital (e.g. a microprocessor) or analog (e.g. an operational amplifier). Mixed-signal ICs contain both digital and analog circuitry on the same chip, and sometimes embedded software.
Standard cellIn semiconductor design, standard-cell methodology is a method of designing application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) with mostly digital-logic features. Standard-cell methodology is an example of design abstraction, whereby a low-level very-large-scale integration (VLSI) layout is encapsulated into an abstract logic representation (such as a NAND gate). Cell-based methodology – the general class to which standard cells belong – makes it possible for one designer to focus on the high-level (logical function) aspect of digital design, while another designer focuses on the implementation (physical) aspect.
Industrie des semi-conducteursL'industrie des semi-conducteurs est un secteur industriel qui regroupe les activités de conception, de fabrication et de commercialisation des semi-conducteurs. Ces activités participent de manière fondamentale à la production de biens et de services des technologies de l'information et de la communication dans la mesure où elles fournissent le composant de base de ces technologies : le circuit intégré. Par exemple, ce composant est au cœur des serveurs informatiques, des routeurs de réseaux de transport de données et des terminaux téléphoniques.
Field-programmable gate arrayA field-programmable gate array (FPGA) is an integrated circuit designed to be configured after manufacturing. The FPGA configuration is generally specified using a hardware description language (HDL), similar to that used for an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). Circuit diagrams were previously used to specify the configuration, but this is increasingly rare due to the advent of electronic design automation tools. FPGAs contain an array of programmable logic blocks, and a hierarchy of reconfigurable interconnects allowing blocks to be wired together.
