In archaeology, space archaeology is the research-based study of various human-made items found in space, their interpretation as clues to the adventures humanity has experienced in space, and their preservation as cultural heritage.
It includes launch complexes on Earth, orbital debris, satellites, and objects and structures on other celestial bodies such as the Moon and Mars. It also includes the applied field of cultural resource which evaluates the significance of space sites and objects in terms of national and international preservation laws. Cultural resource looks at what, how and why these artifacts of our recent history should be preserved for future generations.
Cultural resources management
Space tourism could affect archaeological artifacts, for example, on the Moon. The notion that cultural heritage is at stake and requires action to prevent deterioration or destruction is gaining ground. Perhaps artifacts (say, antiquated space stations) could be preserved in "museum orbit". Many such artifacts have been lost because they were not recognized and assessed. Experts assert that continuity and connection to the past are vital elements of survival in the modern world. A model has been suggested for international cooperation based upon Antarctica. Implications for cooperation interest anthropologists as well.
An unexpected ramification of this work is the development of techniques for detecting signs of life or technology on other planets, or extraterrestrial visitation on Earth. One facet of this work is the use of satellites for identifying structures of archeological significance.
Satellites are key artifacts in examining human encounters with space over time and the effect we leave through artificial objects. This list includes:
Vanguard 1 - Launched in 1958, the manmade satellite Vanguard 1 and the upper stage of its launch rocket are the oldest still in orbit. Vanguard 1 lost communication in 1964 but had a few different functions, including the obtention of geodetic measurements and the testing of capabilities.
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Human presence in space is about humanity in space, particularly about all anthropogenic presence in space and human activity in space, that is in outer space and in a broader sense also on any extraterrestrial astronomical body. Humans have been present in space either, in the common sense, through their direct presence and activity like human spaceflight, or through mediation of their presence and activity like with uncrewed spaceflight, making "telepresence" possible.
Le droit de l'espace, au sens strict, est la branche du droit international qui traite des activités des États dans l'espace dit « extra-atmosphérique ». Bien qu'il n'existe aucune limite entre l'espace aérien et l'espace cosmique (la limite atmosphérique n'étant pas reconnue en droit), les règles du droit de l'espace prévoient un régime spécifique pour les activités d'exploration et d'utilisation de l'espace « extra-atmosphérique ». Au sens large, le droit de l'espace comprend l'ensemble des règles relatives aux activités spatiales, y compris les règles de droit privé.
thumb|upright=1.2|Habitat spatial en construction de type tore de Stanford, dessin d'artiste pour la NASA, 1975.|alt=Vue d'artiste d'un habitat spatial. La colonisation de l'espace, ou colonisation spatiale, est au-delà d'un sujet classique de fiction, un projet astronautique d'habitation humaine permanente et en grande partie auto-suffisante en dehors de la Terre. Elle est liée à l'exploration spatiale.
This IRGC policy brief focuses on the risk of collision from space debris. It provides a range of policy options and broad recommendations to improve the assessment, evaluation and management of collision risk, as well as its communication. It is based on ...