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Concept
Dean (Christianity)
Résumé
A dean, in an ecclesiastical context, is a cleric holding certain positions of authority within a religious hierarchy. The title is used mainly in the Roman Catholic Church, the Anglican Communion, and many Lutheran denominations. A dean's assistant is called a sub-dean.
Latin decanus in the Roman military was the head of a group of ten soldiers within a centuria, and by the 5th century it was the head of a group of ten monks. It came to refer to various civil functionaries in the later Roman Empire.
Based on the monastic use, it came to mean the head of a chapter of canons of a collegiate church or cathedral church.
Based on that use, deans in universities now fill various administrative positions.
Latin decanus should not be confused with Greek diákonos (διάκονος), from which the word deacon derives, which describes a supportive role.
In the Roman Catholic Church, the Dean of the College of Cardinals and the Cardinal Vice-Dean are the president and vice-president of the college. Both are elected. Except for presiding and delegating administrative tasks, they have no authority over the cardinals, acting as primus inter pares (first among equals).
In the universities that grew out of the cathedral and monastery schools, a university dean came to be an official with various administrative duties.
The Chief Priest of a Catholic Cathedral is a dean.
List of deans in the Church of England
In the Church of England and elsewhere in the Anglican Communion, the dean is the chief resident cleric of a cathedral or other collegiate church and the head of the chapter of canons. If the cathedral or collegiate church has its own parish, the dean is usually also rector of the parish. However, in the Church of Ireland the roles are often separated, and most cathedrals in the Church of England do not have associated parishes. In the Church in Wales, however, most cathedrals are parish churches, and their deans are now also vicars of their parishes.
Source officielle
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