Concept
Agricultural hydrology
Concepts associés (16)
Groundwater model
Groundwater models are computer models of groundwater flow systems, and are used by hydrologists and hydrogeologists. Groundwater models are used to simulate and predict aquifer conditions. An unambiguous definition of "groundwater model" is difficult to give, but there are many common characteristics. A groundwater model may be a scale model or an electric model of a groundwater situation or aquifer. Groundwater models are used to represent the natural groundwater flow in the environment.
Maîtrise de la salinité
vignette|250px|Modélisation numérique avec le logiciel SegReg : production de grains de moutarde en fonction de la salinité du sol. Le contrôle de la salinité permet de préserver le potentiel d'un sol, essentiellement en vue de son exploitation agricole. De façon préventive, il permet de limiter la dégradation par excès de sels et de restaurer des sols comportant des éléments chimiques en excès quelle qu'en soit l'origine . On parle aussi d'amélioration, de remédiation ou de récupération des sols.
Well drainage
Well drainage means drainage of agricultural lands by wells. Agricultural land is drained by pumped wells (vertical drainage) to improve the soils by controlling water table levels and soil salinity. Subsurface (groundwater) drainage for water table and soil salinity in agricultural land can be done by horizontal and vertical drainage systems. Horizontal drainage systems are drainage systems using open ditches (trenches) or buried pipe drains. Vertical drainage systems are drainage systems using pumped wells, either open dug wells or tube wells.
SahysMod
SahysMod is a computer program for the prediction of the salinity of soil moisture, groundwater and drainage water, the depth of the watertable, and the drain discharge in irrigated agricultural lands, using different hydrogeologic and aquifer conditions, varying water management options, including the use of ground water for irrigation, and several crop rotation schedules, whereby the spatial variations are accounted for through a network of polygons.
Drainage equation
A drainage equation is an equation describing the relation between depth and spacing of parallel subsurface drains, depth of the watertable, depth and hydraulic conductivity of the soils. It is used in drainage design. A well known steady-state drainage equation is the Hooghoudt drain spacing equation. Its original publication is in Dutch. The equation was introduced in the USA by van Schilfgaarde. Hooghoudt's equation can be written as:.
Water balance
The law of water balance states that the inflows to any water system or area is equal to its outflows plus change in storage during a time interval. In hydrology, a water balance equation can be used to describe the flow of water in and out of a system. A system can be one of several hydrological or water domains, such as a column of soil, a drainage basin, an irrigation area or a city. The water balance is also referred to as a water budget. Developing water budgets is a fundamental activity in the science of hydrology.
Drainage research
Drainage research is the study of agricultural drainage systems and their effects to arrive at optimal system design. Agricultural land drainage has agricultural, environmental, hydrological, engineering, economical, social and socio-political aspects (Figure 1). All these aspects can be subject of drainage research. The aim (objective, target) of agricultural land drainage is the optimized agricultural production related to: reclamation of agricultural land conservation of agricultural land optimization of crop yield crop diversification cropping intensification optimization of farm operations.
Recharge des aquifères
La recharge des aquifères ou infiltration résulte naturellement d'un processus hydrologique par lequel les eaux de surface percolent à travers le sol et s'accumulent sur le premier horizon imperméable rencontré (banc d'argile ou de marne) ; elle peut aussi être assurée artificiellement par des puits filtrants. Ce processus s'amorce généralement à partir de la zone vadose, sous la pédosphère où les racines des végétaux captent encore l'essentiel de l'eau interstitielle.
Watertable control
In geotechnical engineering, watertable control is the practice of controlling the height of the water table by drainage. Its main applications are in agricultural land (to improve the crop yield using agricultural drainage systems) and in cities to manage the extensive underground infrastructure that includes the foundations of large buildings, underground transit systems, and extensive utilities (water supply networks, sewerage, storm drains, and underground electrical grids).
Drainage
Le terme « drainage » n’apparaît pas avant le en français. « Drainage », de même que « drainer », « drain », « draineur », sont empruntés à l'anglais au milieu (anglicismes). Le terme en français a d'abord eu une connotation agricole, d'assainissement des terres pour l'agriculture. Le mot provient du vieil anglais « dreahnian », « to drain, strain out » « égoutter », du proto-germanique *dreug-, à l'origine des mots « drought », sécheresse, ou « dry », sec, donnant au mot anglais « drainage » d'origine, le sens de « make dry », « sécher ».