Tension (phonétique)En phonétique articulatoire, la tension est un trait phonétique mal défini que l'analyse traditionnelle lie au degré de tonus musculaire des organes phonateurs, bien que le fait n'ait pas été confirmé par l'expérimentation. Elle peut affecter la production des voyelles, des consonnes ou la syllabe entière. Elle accompagne fréquemment d'autres traits phonétiques comme la quantité vocalique, la quantité consonantique ou le voisement.
Source–filter modelThe source–filter model represents speech as a combination of a sound source, such as the vocal cords, and a linear acoustic filter, the vocal tract. While only an approximation, the model is widely used in a number of applications such as speech synthesis and speech analysis because of its relative simplicity. It is also related to linear prediction. The development of the model is due, in large part, to the early work of Gunnar Fant, although others, notably Ken Stevens, have also contributed substantially to the models underlying acoustic analysis of speech and speech synthesis.
RotokasLe rotokas est une langue de Bougainville du Nord parlée sur l'île de Bougainville, dans l'Est de la Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée, par environ . Selon Allen et Hurd (1963), il est distingué en trois dialectes : le rotokas central, l'aita et le pipipaia ; un autre dialecte est parlé dans le village d'Atsilima dont le statut linguistique est flou (selon Robinson, l'influence du kariaka sur le dialecte a été importante). Le rotokas central est connu pour son inventaire phonémique extrêmement réduit et son alphabet (possiblement le plus petit au monde).
Ingressive soundIn phonetics, ingressive sounds are sounds by which the airstream flows inward through the mouth or nose. The three types of ingressive sounds are lingual ingressive or velaric ingressive (from the tongue and the velum), glottalic ingressive (from the glottis), and pulmonic ingressive (from the lungs). The opposite of an ingressive sound is an egressive sound, by which the air stream is created by pushing air out through the mouth or nose. The majority of sounds in most languages, such as vowels, are both pulmonic and egressive.
Contour (linguistics)In phonetics, contour describes speech sounds that behave as single segments but make an internal transition from one quality, place, or manner to another. Such sounds may be tones, vowels, or consonants. Many tone languages have contour tones, which move from one level to another. For example, Mandarin Chinese has four lexical tones. The high tone is level, without contour; the falling tone is a contour from high pitch to low; the rising tone a contour from mid pitch to high, and, when spoken in isolation, the low tone takes on a dipping contour, mid to low and then to high pitch.
