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Concept
Complément d'objet
Résumé
In linguistics, an object is any of several types of arguments. In subject-prominent, nominative-accusative languages such as English, a transitive verb typically distinguishes between its subject and any of its objects, which can include but are not limited to direct objects, indirect objects, and arguments of adpositions (prepositions or postpositions); the latter are more accurately termed oblique arguments, thus including other arguments not covered by core grammatical roles, such as those governed by case morphology (as in languages such as Latin) or relational nouns (as is typical for members of the Mesoamerican Linguistic Area).
In ergative-absolutive languages, for example most Australian Aboriginal languages, the term "subject" is ambiguous, and thus the term "agent" is often used instead to contrast with "object", such that basic word order is often spoken of in terms such as Agent-Object-Verb (AOV) instead of Subject-Object-Verb (SOV). Topic-prominent languages, such as Mandarin, focus their grammars less on the subject-object or agent-object dichotomies but rather on the pragmatic dichotomy of topic and comment.
In English traditional grammar types, three types of object are acknowledged: direct objects, indirect objects, and objects of prepositions. These object types are illustrated in the following table:
Indirect objects are frequently expressed as objects of prepositions, complicating the traditional typology; e.g. "I gave salt to the man."
Some Chinese verbs can have two direct objects, one being more closely bound to the verb than the other; these may be called "inner" and "outer" objects.
Secundative languages lack a distinction between direct and indirect objects, but rather distinguish primary and secondary objects. Many African languages fall into this typological category.
While the typical object is a pronoun, noun, or noun phrase, objects can also appear as other , as illustrated in the following table for the English language:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Category !! Example
|-
| Noun (phrase) or pronoun || The girl ate fruit.
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Concepts associés (27)
Transitive verb
A transitive verb is a verb that accepts one or more objects, for example, 'to enjoy' in Donald enjoys music. This contrasts with intransitive verbs, which do not have objects, for example, 'to arise' in Donald arose. Transitivity is traditionally thought of as a global property of a clause, by which activity is transferred from an agent to a patient. Transitive verbs can be classified by the number of objects they require. Verbs that accept only two arguments, a subject and a single direct object, are monotransitive.
Sujet (grammaire)
Le sujet est ce qui constitue la matière, le thème ou bien le motif d'un état ou d'une activité intellectuelle ou artistique, indépendamment de l'interprétation qui en est faite ou du résultat obtenu. En linguistique et en grammaire, le terme représente une fonction syntaxique difficile à définir. En effet, si la définition classique est « ce qui, dans la phrase, accomplit l'action verbale », elle ne résiste pas à plusieurs cas particuliers parfois très fréquents : dans une diathèse passive, le sujet est ce qui subit l'action verbale (Marie [SUJET] est regardée par Jeanne) ; avec un verbe ne dénotant aucune action (être, sembler, paraître, etc.
Intransitive verb
In grammar, an intransitive verb is a verb whose context does not entail a direct object. That lack of transitivity distinguishes intransitive verbs from transitive verbs, which entail one or more objects. Additionally, intransitive verbs are typically considered within a class apart from modal verbs and defective verbs. In the following sentences, verbs are used without a direct object: "Rivers flow." "I sneezed." "My dog ran." "Water evaporates when it's hot." "You've grown since I last saw you!" "I wonder how old I will be when I die.