Galaxie spirale | EPFL Graph Search

right|thumb|250px|Galaxie spirale NGC 4414 telle que vue par le télescope spatial Hubble. Une galaxie spirale est un type de galaxie contenant jusqu'à plusieurs centaines de milliards d'étoiles et qui adopte la forme aplatie d'un disque, avec un renflement central sphérique lumineux appelé le bulbe. Les galaxies spirales contiennent également, et de façon variable, des quantités importantes de gaz et de poussières. Autour du disque, il existe également un halo moins dense et plus discret, aux étoiles fréquemment regroupées en amas globulaires. Le disque contient typiquement plusieurs bras lumineux, où se trouvent les étoiles les plus jeunes et les plus lumineuses. Ces bras s'enroulent autour du centre en formant une spirale, donnant leur nom aux galaxies. Les galaxies spirales sont considérées comme faisant partie des plus beaux objets du ciel et sont souvent utilisées en guise d'illustration dans la presse et l'édition grand public, y compris en dehors du domaine de l'astronomie. La

ACACIA: a new method to produce on-the-fly merger trees in the RAMSES code

Mladen Ivkovic

The implementation of ACACIA, a new algorithm to generate dark matter halo merger trees with the Adaptive Mesh Refinement code RAMSES, is presented. The algorithm is fully parallel and based on the Message Passing Interface. As opposed to most available merger tree tools, it works on the fly during the course of the N-body simulation. It can track dark matter substructures individually using the index of the most bound particle in the clump. Once a halo (or a sub-halo) merges into another one, the algorithm still tracks it through the last identified most bound particle in the clump, allowing to check at later snapshots whether the merging event was definitive, or whether it was only temporary, with the clump only traversing another one. The same technique can be used to track orphan galaxies that are not assigned to a parent clump anymore because the clump dissolved due to numerical overmerging. We study in detail the impact of various parameters on the resulting halo catalogues and corresponding merger histories. We then compare the performance of our method using standard validation diagnostics, demonstrating that we reach a quality similar to the best available and commonly used merger tree tools. As a proof of concept, we use our merger tree algorithm together with a parametrized stellar-mass-to-halo-mass relation and generate a mock galaxy catalogue that shows good agreement with observational data.

OXFORD UNIV PRESS2022

THE ENVIRONMENTS OF STARBURST AND POST-STARBURST GALAXIES AT z=0.4-0.8

Pascale Jablonka, Anja Von der Linden

Post-starburst (E+A or k+a) spectra, characterized by their exceptionally strong Balmer lines in absorption and the lack of emission lines, belong to galaxies in which the star formation (SF) activity ended abruptly sometime during the past Gyr. We perform a spectral analysis of galaxies in clusters, groups, poor groups, and the field at z = 0.4-0.8 based on the ESO Distant Cluster Survey. We find that the incidence of k+a galaxies at these redshifts depends strongly on environment. K+a's reside preferentially in clusters and, unexpectedly, in a subset of the sigma = 200-400 km s(-1) groups, those that have a low fraction of O II emitters. In these environments, 20%-30% of the star-forming galaxies have had their SF activity recently truncated. In contrast, there are proportionally fewer k+a galaxies in the field, the poor groups, and groups with a high O II fraction. An important result is that the incidence of k+a galaxies correlates with the cluster velocity dispersion: more massive clusters have higher proportions of k+a's. Spectra of dusty starburst candidates, with strong Balmer absorption and emission lines, present a very different environmental dependence from k+a's. They are numerous in all environments at z = 0.4-0.8, but they are especially numerous in all types of groups, favoring the hypothesis of triggering by a merger. We present the morphological type, stellar mass, luminosity, mass-to-light ratio, local galaxy density, and clustercentric distance distributions of galaxies of different spectral types. These properties are consistent with previous suggestions that cluster k+a galaxies are observed in a transition phase, at the moment they are rather massive S0 and Sa galaxies, evolving from star-forming, recently infallen later types to passively evolving cluster early-type galaxies. The correlation between k+a fraction and cluster velocity dispersion supports the hypothesis that k+a galaxies in clusters originate from processes related to the intracluster medium, while several possibilities are discussed for the origin of the puzzling k+a frequency in low-O II groups.

2009

The relation between star formation, morphology, and local density in high-redshift clusters and groups

Pascale Jablonka, Anja Von der Linden

We investigate how the [O II] properties and the morphologies of galaxies in clusters and groups at z = 0.4-0.8 depend on projected local galaxy density, and compare with the field at similar redshifts and clusters at low z. In both nearby and distant clusters, higher density regions contain proportionally fewer star-forming galaxies, and the average [O II] equivalent width of star-forming galaxies is independent of local density. However, in distant clusters the average current star formation rate (SFR) in star-forming galaxies seems to peak at densities similar to 15-40 galaxies Mpc(-2). At odds with low-z results, at high z the relation between star-forming fraction and local density varies from high- to low-mass clusters. Overall, our results suggest that at high z the current star formation ( SF) activity in star-forming galaxies does not depend strongly on global or local environment, though the possible SFR peak seems at odds with this conclusion. We find that the cluster SFR normalized by cluster mass anticorrelates with mass and correlates with the star-forming fraction. These trends can be understood given (1) that the average star-forming galaxy forms about 1M(circle dot) yr(-1) (uncorrected for dust) in all clusters; (2) that the total number of galaxies scales with cluster mass; and (3) the dependence of star-forming fraction on cluster mass. We present the morphology-density ( MD) relation for our z 0.4 - 0.8 clusters, and uncover that the decline of the spiral fraction with density is entirely driven by galaxies of type Sc or later. For galaxies of a given Hubble type, we see no evidence that SF properties depend on local environment. In contrast with recent findings at low z, in our distant clusters the SF-density relation and the MD relation are equivalent, suggesting that neither of the two is more fundamental than the other.

2008

The relation between star formation, morphology, and local density in high-redshift clusters and groups

Pascale Jablonka, Anja Von der Linden

2008

THE ENVIRONMENTS OF STARBURST AND POST-STARBURST GALAXIES AT z=0.4-0.8

Pascale Jablonka, Anja Von der Linden

2009