Appareil locomoteurL’appareil locomoteur, appelé aussi système musculo-squelettique, est un système d'organes qui confère aux animaux la faculté de se mouvoir physiquement dans un milieu (aérien, terrestre, aquatique), en faisant usage de leurs muscles et de leur squelette. Hormis la locomotion, le squelette procure également un support et une protection aux organes internes. Chez de nombreux organismes, le squelette est également utilisé pour stocker des graisses et des minéraux et pour produire des cellules sanguines.
SynoviteLa synovite est le terme médical correspondant à l'inflammation de la membrane synoviale. Cette membrane borde les articulations qui possèdent une cavité, appelées articulations synoviales. La synovite est généralement douloureuse, particulièrement lorsque l'articulation est mobilisée. On observe généralement un enflement de l'articulation dû à la collection de liquide synovial. La synovite peut apparaître en association avec l'arthrite, le lupus, la goutte, et d'autres pathologies.
Meniscus (anatomy)A meniscus is a crescent-shaped fibrocartilaginous anatomical structure that, in contrast to an articular disc, only partly divides a joint cavity. In humans they are present in the knee, wrist, acromioclavicular, sternoclavicular, and temporomandibular joints; in other animals they may be present in other joints. Generally, the term "meniscus" is used to refer to the cartilage of the knee, either to the lateral or medial meniscus. Both are cartilaginous tissues that provide structural integrity to the knee when it undergoes tension and torsion.
Joint injectionIn medicine, a joint injection (intra-articular injection) is a procedure used in the treatment of inflammatory joint conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, tendinitis, bursitis, Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, and occasionally osteoarthritis. A hypodermic needle is injected into the affected joint where it delivers a dose of any one of many anti-inflammatory agents, the most common of which are corticosteroids. Hyaluronic acid, because of its high viscosity, is sometimes used to replace bursa fluids.
TendinopathyTendinopathy is a type of tendon disorder that results in pain, swelling, and impaired function. The pain is typically worse with movement. It most commonly occurs around the shoulder (rotator cuff tendinitis, biceps tendinitis), elbow (tennis elbow, golfer's elbow), wrist, hip, knee (jumper's knee, popliteus tendinopathy), or ankle (Achilles tendinitis). Causes may include an injury or repetitive activities. Less common causes include infection, arthritis, gout, thyroid disease, diabetes and the use of quinolone antibiotic medicines.
CoudeThe elbow is the region between the upper arm and the forearm that surrounds the elbow joint. The elbow includes prominent landmarks such as the olecranon, the cubital fossa (also called the chelidon, or the elbow pit), and the lateral and the medial epicondyles of the humerus. The elbow joint is a hinge joint between the arm and the forearm; more specifically between the humerus in the upper arm and the radius and ulna in the forearm which allows the forearm and hand to be moved towards and away from the body.
Range of motionRange of motion (or ROM) is the linear or angular distance that a moving object may normally travel while properly attached to another. In biomechanics and strength training, ROM refers to the angular distance and direction a joint can move between the flexed position and the extended position. The act of attempting to increase this distance through therapeutic exercises (range of motion therapy—stretching from flexion to extension for physiological gain) is also sometimes called range of motion.
Axis (os)L'axis est la deuxième vertèbre cervicale (C2). Elle présente comme les autres vertèbres un corps vertébral et un arc vertébral. La face inférieure de l'axis est identique à celle des autres vertèbres cervicales et est séparée de la troisième vertèbre cervicale par un disque intervertébral. Il se différencie des autres vertèbres cervicales par sa face supérieure. Le corps de l'axis est haut et aplati d'avant en arrière. Il présente une face antérieure, une face postérieure, une face inférieure, une face supérieure et deux faces latérales.
ChondrocalcinoseLa chondrocalcinose articulaire (CCA) est une arthropathie microcristalline caractérisée par la précipitation de cristaux de dans les tissus articulaires et périarticulaires. Elle entraîne la formation de calcification intra-articulaire sous la forme d'un liseré opaque fin, cernant les contours articulaires à quelques millimètres de l'os sous-chondral. Elle était anciennement appelée « pseudo-goutte », les manifestations ressemblant souvent à cette dernière. Les premières descriptions remontent aux années 1960.
HydarthroseA joint effusion is the presence of increased intra-articular fluid. It may affect any joint. Commonly it involves the knee. The approach to diagnosis depends on the joint involved. While aspiration of the joint is considered the gold standard of treatment, this can be difficult for joints such as the hip. Ultrasound may be used both to verify the existence of an effusion and to guide aspiration. File:Knee effusion.jpg|Skyline view of the patella demonstrating a large joint effusion as marked by the arrow.
