Active packaging | EPFL Graph Search

The terms active packaging, intelligent packaging, and smart packaging refer to amplified packaging systems used with foods, pharmaceuticals, and several other types of products. They help extend shelf life, monitor freshness, display information on quality, improve safety, and improve convenience. The terms are often related and can overlap. Active packaging usually means having active functions beyond the inert passive containment and protection of the product. Intelligent and smart packaging usually involve the ability to sense or measure an attribute of the product, the inner atmosphere of the package, or the shipping environment. This information can be communicated to users or can trigger active packaging functions. Programmable matter, smart materials, etc. can be employed in packages. Yam, Tashitov, and Miltz have defined intelligent or smart packaging as: . . . a packaging system that is capable of carrying out intelligent functions (such as detecting, sensing, recording, tracing, communicating, and applying scientific logic) to facilitate decision making to extend shelf life, enhance safety, improve quality, provide information, and warn about possible problems. Depending on the working definitions, some traditional types of packaging might be considered as "active" or "intelligent". More often, the terms are used with new technologically advanced systems: microelectronics, computer applications, nanotechnology, etc. Desiccant For many years, desiccants have been used to control the water vapor in a closed package. A desiccant is a hygroscopic substance usually in a porous pouch or sachet which is placed inside a sealed package. They have been used to reduce corrosion of machinery and electronics and to extend the shelf life of moisture-sensitive foods. With pharmaceutical packages, a common method is to include a small packet of desiccant in a bottle. Other methods of including desiccants attached to the inner surface or in the material have recently been developed.

Rapidly verifiable aggregate signatures

Rachid Guerraoui, Manuel José Ribeiro Vidigueira, Gauthier Jérôme Timothée Voron, Martina Camaioni, Matteo Monti, Pierre-Louis Blaise Roman

A method for aggregating digital signatures comprises the following steps carried out by a signature aggregator: receiving first data packages from signers, each first data package comprising a signer identifier, a payload, and a payload signature; verifyi ...

2024