Externalisation

Résumé

L'externalisation, la sous-traitance ou l'impartition (Québec), en anglais : outsourcing, désigne le transfert de tout ou partie d'une fonction d'une organisation (entreprise ou administration) vers un partenaire externe. Description Elle consiste très souvent en la sous-traitance des activités jugées non essentielles et non stratégiques : pour une entreprise, il s'agit de celles qui sont les moins productrices de revenus. Il s'agit d'un outil de gestion stratégique qui se traduit par la restructuration d’une entreprise au sein de sa sphère d’activités : ses compétences de base et son cœur de métier (core business en anglais). L'externalisation diffère de la simple prestation extérieure de services, et de la simple sous-traitance, dans la mesure où il y a :

pilotage étroit par l'entreprise donneuse d'ordre ;
engagement du prestataire externe.

Le terme d’infogérance désigne quant à lui les services d'externalisation informatique proposés par des SSII. Le processus i

Source officielle

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Externalisation

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Séances de cours associées (16)

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Logistic regression over encrypted data from fully homomorphic encryption

Hao Chen, Zhicong Huang

Background: One of the tasks in the 2017 iDASH secure genome analysis competition was to enable training of logistic regression models over encrypted genomic data. More precisely, given a list of approximately 1500 patient records, each with 18 binary features containing information on specific mutations, the idea was for the data holder to encrypt the records using homomorphic encryption, and send them to an untrusted cloud for storage. The cloud could then homomorphically apply a training algorithm on the encrypted data to obtain an encrypted logistic regression model, which can be sent to the data holder for decryption. In this way, the data holder could successfully outsource the training process without revealing either her sensitive data, or the trained model, to the cloud. Methods: Our solution to this problem has several novelties: we use a multi-bit plaintext space in fully homomorphic encryption together with fixed point number encoding; we combine bootstrapping in fully homomorphic encryption with a scaling operation in fixed point arithmetic; we use a minimax polynomial approximation to the sigmoid function and the 1-bit gradient descent method to reduce the plaintext growth in the training process. Results: Our algorithm for training over encrypted data takes 0.4-3.2 hours per iteration of gradient descent. Conclusions: We demonstrate the feasibility but high computational cost of training over encrypted data. On the other hand, our method can guarantee the highest level of data privacy in critical applications.

BMC2018

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Technology In-Sourcing and the Creation of Pioneering Technologies

Vareska van de Vrande

This study analyzes the effect of different external technology sourcing modes on the creation of radical innovation in companies. Moreover, since prior research has indicated that exploration consists of looking beyond both organizational and technological boundaries, the role of technological distance between the partnering firms and the role of technological newness are also included. In particular, this paper examines how they affect the relationship between external technology sourcing and the creation of pioneering technologies (technologies that do not build on any existing technologies), which are used as a proxy for radical innovations. Using a sample of companies that were from the pharmaceutical industry, the results indicate that strategic alliances and corporate venture capital investments have a positive effect on the creation of pioneering technologies, whereas the effect of M&As is found to be negative. Additionally, the results show that the impact of these governance modes on the creation of pioneering technology is indeed affected by the newness of the technology and relatedness of the technological portfolios of the partnering firms. A larger technological distance between the two partnering firms increases the effect of strategic alliances on the creation of pioneering technologies. In addition, the results indicate that technological newness weakens the positive effect of CVC investments and non-equity alliances on the creation of pioneering technologies.

2011

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Innovating firms often invest in a number of different technology projects, in different stages of development, using a wide range of distinct technology sourcing modes, such as strategic alliances, joint ventures, and mergers and acquisitions. Recently, firms have also gained an increasing awareness of the potential benefits of corporate venture capital investments. This paper investigates the particular role of corporate venture capital investments in the technology sourcing portfolio of firms. More specifically, we focus on the extent to which corporate venture capital investments are additive or complementary to other modes of technology sourcing when explaining the innovative performance of firms. The results indicate that corporate venture capital investments are particularly beneficial for the innovative performance of firms when they are used in combination with other technology sourcing modes.

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers2011

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