A dissipative system is a thermodynamically open system which is operating out of, and often far from, thermodynamic equilibrium in an environment with which it exchanges energy and matter. A tornado may be thought of as a dissipative system. Dissipative systems stand in contrast to conservative systems.
A dissipative structure is a dissipative system that has a dynamical regime that is in some sense in a reproducible steady state. This reproducible steady state may be reached by natural evolution of the system, by artifice, or by a combination of these two.
A dissipative structure is characterized by the spontaneous appearance of symmetry breaking (anisotropy) and the formation of complex, sometimes chaotic, structures where interacting particles exhibit long range correlations. Examples in everyday life include convection, turbulent flow, cyclones, hurricanes and living organisms. Less common examples include lasers, Bénard cells, droplet cluster, and the Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction.
One way of mathematically modeling a dissipative system is given in the article on wandering sets: it involves the action of a group on a measurable set.
Dissipative systems can also be used as a tool to study economic systems and complex systems. For example, a dissipative system involving self-assembly of nanowires has been used as a model to understand the relationship between entropy generation and the robustness of biological systems.
The Hopf decomposition states that dynamical systems can be decomposed into a conservative and a dissipative part; more precisely, it states that every measure space with a non-singular transformation can be decomposed into an invariant conservative set and an invariant dissipative set.
Russian-Belgian physical chemist Ilya Prigogine, who coined the term dissipative structure, received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1977 for his pioneering work on these structures, which have dynamical regimes that can be regarded as thermodynamic steady states, and sometimes at least can be described by suitable extremal principles in non-equilibrium thermodynamics.
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Un système dissipatif (ou structure dissipative) est un système qui évolue dans un environnement avec lequel il échange de l'énergie ou de la matière. C'est donc un système ouvert, loin d'un équilibre thermodynamique. Un système dissipatif est caractérisé par le bilan de ses échanges (échange d'énergie, création d'entropie), et l'apparition spontanée d'une brisure de symétrie spatiale (anisotropie) qui peut quelquefois laisser apparaître une structure complexe chaotique. L'expression « structures dissipatives » fut créée par Ilya Prigogine.
L'auto-organisation ou autoorganisation est un phénomène par lequel un système s'organise lui-même. Les systèmes physiques, biologiques ou écologiques, sociaux, ont tendance à s'organiser d'eux-mêmes. Il s'agit soit de l'organisation initiale du système lors de son émergence spontanée, soit lorsque le système existe déjà de l'apparition d'une organisation plus ou complexe. L'auto-organisation agit ainsi à l'encontre de l'entropie (on parle alors de néguentropie), qui est une mesure de désordre.
In mathematics, mixing is an abstract concept originating from physics: the attempt to describe the irreversible thermodynamic process of mixing in the everyday world: e.g. mixing paint, mixing drinks, industrial mixing. The concept appears in ergodic theory—the study of stochastic processes and measure-preserving dynamical systems. Several different definitions for mixing exist, including strong mixing, weak mixing and topological mixing, with the last not requiring a measure to be defined.
Ce cours introduit les systèmes dynamiques pour modéliser des réseaux biologiques simples. L'analyse qualitative de modèles dynamiques non-linéaires est développée de pair avec des simulations numériq
Provides the students with basic notions and tools for the analysis of dynamic systems. Shows them how to develop mathematical models of dynamic systems and perform analysis in time and frequency doma
Introduction to local and global behavior of
nonlinear dynamical systems arising from maps and ordinary differential equations. Theoretical and computational aspects studied.
Explore l'analyse du système dans le domaine de la fréquence, couvrant les fonctions de transfert sinusoïdal, les fréquences résonantes et la conception du filtre.
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EPFL2022
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A photonic dimer composed of two evanescently coupled high-Q microresonators is a fundamental element of multimode soliton lattices. It has demonstrated a variety of emergent nonlinear phenomena, incl