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Concept
Mixing (mathematics)
Résumé
In mathematics, mixing is an abstract concept originating from physics: the attempt to describe the irreversible thermodynamic process of mixing in the everyday world: e.g. mixing paint, mixing drinks, industrial mixing.
The concept appears in ergodic theory—the study of stochastic processes and measure-preserving dynamical systems. Several different definitions for mixing exist, including strong mixing, weak mixing and topological mixing, with the last not requiring a measure to be defined. Some of the different definitions of mixing can be arranged in a hierarchical order; thus, strong mixing implies weak mixing. Furthermore, weak mixing (and thus also strong mixing) implies ergodicity: that is, every system that is weakly mixing is also ergodic (and so one says that mixing is a "stronger" condition than ergodicity).
The mathematical definition of mixing aims to capture the ordinary every-day process of mixing, such as mixing paints, drinks, cooking ingredients, industrial process mixing, smoke in a smoke-filled room, and so on. To provide the mathematical rigor, such descriptions begin with the definition of a measure-preserving dynamical system, written as .
The set is understood to be the total space to be filled: the mixing bowl, the smoke-filled room, etc. The measure is understood to define the natural volume of the space and of its subspaces. The collection of subspaces is denoted by , and the size of any given subset is ; the size is its volume. Naively, one could imagine to be the power set of ; this doesn't quite work, as not all subsets of a space have a volume (famously, the Banach-Tarski paradox). Thus, conventionally, consists of the measurable subsets—the subsets that do have a volume. It is always taken to be a Borel set—the collection of subsets that can be constructed by taking intersections, unions and set complements; these can always be taken to be measurable.
The time evolution of the system is described by a map . Given some subset , its map will in general be a deformed version of – it is squashed or stretched, folded or cut into pieces.
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Publications associées (1)
Concepts associés (12)
Mixing (mathematics)
In mathematics, mixing is an abstract concept originating from physics: the attempt to describe the irreversible thermodynamic process of mixing in the everyday world: e.g. mixing paint, mixing drinks, industrial mixing. The concept appears in ergodic theory—the study of stochastic processes and measure-preserving dynamical systems. Several different definitions for mixing exist, including strong mixing, weak mixing and topological mixing, with the last not requiring a measure to be defined.
Fer à cheval de Smale
L'application fer à cheval est un des exemples classiques de systèmes dynamiques. Elle fut introduite par Stephen Smale à l'occasion de l'étude de l'oscillateur de Van der Pol. Son comportement est chaotique alors qu'on l'obtient en effectuant une succession d'opérations géométriques très simples : rétrécissement dans une direction, étalement dans une autre, et repliement en forme de fer à cheval. L'application fer à cheval est un difféomorphisme qui laisse stable la figure formée d'un carré avec deux demi-disques accolés.
Ergodicity
In mathematics, ergodicity expresses the idea that a point of a moving system, either a dynamical system or a stochastic process, will eventually visit all parts of the space that the system moves in, in a uniform and random sense. This implies that the average behavior of the system can be deduced from the trajectory of a "typical" point. Equivalently, a sufficiently large collection of random samples from a process can represent the average statistical properties of the entire process.
Cours associés (5)
MATH-612: Irregular transport and mixing
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MATH-487: Topics in stochastic analysis
This course offers an introduction to Markov processes, a widely used model for random evolutions with no memory.
COM-502: Dynamical system theory for engineers
Linear and nonlinear dynamical systems are found in all fields of science and engineering. After a short review of linear system theory, the class will explain and develop the main tools for the quali
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Couvre l'introduction au Quantum Chaos, le chaos classique, la sensibilité aux conditions initiales, l'ergonomie, et les exposants Lyapunov.
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Explore les propriétés ergonomiques dans la dynamique exponentielle, en mettant l'accent sur les orbites denses et les fonctions spécifiques.
Propriétés ergonomiques de systèmes symboliques de faible complexité
Explore l'influence de la complexité sur les propriétés ergonomiques des systèmes symboliques, présentant le théorème Curtis-Hedlund-Lyndon et les constructions de sous-postes minimaux.