Granulocyte éosinophile | EPFL Graph Search

Les granulocytes éosinophiles ou polynucléaires éosinophiles (ou plus simplement « éosinophiles ») sont des cellules sanguines de la lignée blanche (ou leucocytes). Présentes chez les chordés, elles sont impliquées dans le système immunitaire inné, notamment dans les phénomènes d'allergie et de parasitisme. Ils sont apparentés aux neutrophiles. Les éosinophiles sécrètent de nombreux composés toxiques et des radicaux libres permettant également l'élimination des bactéries et des parasites, mais qui peuvent occasionner des lésions tissulaires. Histoire Les éosinophiles sont découverts chez l'humain par Paul Ehrlich , qui les mentionne pour la première fois avec leur affinité tinctoriale. Dès la fin du , des auteurs notent un afflux de ces cellules dans les tissus présentant un processus inflammatoire. Après les observations d'Elie Metchnikoff sur des processus inflammatoires comme la phagocytose et le rôle des globules blancs, l'éosinophile est apparu comme relativement m

An Exploratory Study On The Functional Significance Of Eosinophil Residency In The Small Intestine Under Homeostatic Conditions

Kathleen Shah

The small intestine is a highly dynamic and complex cellular ecosystem, which serves as the primary interface between the host and its environment. A critical component of this ecosystem is the microbiota, which plays a pivotal role in shaping both immune and physiological homeostasis of the host from the moment of birth. However, interaction with the microbiota is a double-edged sword â and the inappropriate establishment of host-microbiota crosstalk could lead to detrimental consequences. Eosinophils are multi-functional granulocytes, recruited into the intestine in early life â but the relevance of this phenomenon has remained enigmatic, given the dogmatic view of these cells as drivers of pathophysiology in type-II immune mediated disorders. Understanding the functional significance of their residency in this tissue under homeostatic conditions warrants further investigation and may provide invaluable insight into their dysregulation in disease. In this thesis, I report our investigation of the contributions of eosinophils to small intestinal homeostasis through a broad characterization of changes in various intestinal functions consequent of eosinophil-deficiency. We approached this expansive question through a combination of histological, cellular and transcriptional analyses, which have afforded us unprecedented insight to eosinophil function in this tissue. Using Îdbl.GATA1 mice, a model of constitutive eosinophil deficiency, we provide evidence for a central role for eosinophils in tissue integrity maintenance in response to the microbiota. We report herein that eosinophil-mediated tissue protection is largely driven by epithelial-derived alarmins, released in response to barrier stress â which equips eosinophils with the capacity to maintain small intestinal integrity and homeostasis through the regulation of extracellular matrix remodelling. In summary, our work provides a functional rationale for the early life recruitment of eosinophils in the small intestine, implicating these cells as key facilitators in the establishment of appropriate host-microbiota crosstalk.

EPFL2018

The emerging roles of eosinophils in mucosal homeostasis

Nicola Harris, Kathleen Shah

Eosinophils are granulocytes, typically implicated as end-stage effector cells in type-II immune responses. They are capable of producing a wide array of pre-formed molecules which render them with vast potential to influence a wide variety of processes. Nonetheless, eosinophil research has traditionally focused on their role in anti-helminthic responses and pathophysiological processes in type-II immune disorders, such as allergy and asthma, where eosinophilia is a hallmark phenotype. However, a number of key studies over the past decade have placed this restricted view of eosinophil function into question, presenting additional evidence for eosinophils as critical regulators of various homeostatic processes including immune maintenance, organ development, and tissue regeneration.

NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP2020

Immune serum-activated human macrophages coordinate with eosinophils to immobilize Ascaris suum larvae

Tiffany Babette Angélique Bouchery, Julia Esser-von Bieren, Kathleen Shah, Beatrice Volpe

Helminth infection represents a major health problem causing approximately 5 million disability-adjusted life years worldwide. Concerns that repeated anti-helminthic treatment may lead to drug resistance render it important that vaccines are developed but will require increased understanding of the immune-mediated cellular and antibody responses to helminth infection. IL-4 or antibody-activated murine macrophages are known to immobilize parasitic nematode larvae, but few studies have addressed whether this is translatable to human macrophages. In the current study, we investigated the capacity of human macrophages to recognize and attack larval stages of Ascaris suum, a natural porcine parasite that is genetically similar to the human helminth Ascaris lumbricoides. Human macrophages were able to adhere to and trap A suum larvae in the presence of either human or pig serum containing Ascaris-specific antibodies and other factors. Gene expression analysis of serum-activated macrophages revealed that CCL24, a potent eosinophil attractant, was the most upregulated gene following culture with A suum larvae in vitro, and human eosinophils displayed even greater ability to adhere to, and trap, A suum larvae. These data suggest that immune serum-activated macrophages can recruit eosinophils to the site of infection, where they act in concert to immobilize tissue-migrating Ascaris larvae.

WILEY2020

An Exploratory Study On The Functional Significance Of Eosinophil Residency In The Small Intestine Under Homeostatic Conditions

Kathleen Shah

EPFL2018