Religions et violenceLa violence religieuse est une violence suscitée ou justifiée par une religion qui peut se traduire par un comportement individuel mortifère, un conflit communautaire, une , ou des persécutions religieuses. La religion a été jusqu’à la période moderne, étroitement liée à la politique ainsi que corrélée aux conditions économiques, de telle sorte qu’il est parfois historiquement erroné de considérer que des violences sont exclusivement d’origine religieuse.
Nationalist terrorismNationalist terrorism is a form of terrorism motivated by nationalism (often ultranationalism). Nationalist terrorists seek to form self-determination in some form, which may take the form of gaining greater autonomy, establishing a completely independent sovereign state (separatism), or joining another existing sovereign state with which the nationalists identify (irredentism). Nationalist terrorists often oppose what they consider to be occupying, imperial, or otherwise illegitimate powers.
Terrorisme islamisteLe terrorisme islamiste, terrorisme djihadiste ou terrorisme islamique fait référence aux attentats et aux autres actions de terrorisme commis par les membres ou sympathisants de mouvements islamistes. L'objectif visé par le terrorisme islamiste est la promotion d'une vision religieuse radicale du monde. Les organisations qui y recourent le perçoivent comme un commandement divin.
Islam and violenceThe use of politically and religiously-motivated violence dates back to the early history of Islam, its origins are found in the behavior, sayings, and rulings of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, his companions, and the first caliphs in the 7th, 8th, and 9th centuries CE. Mainstream Islamic law stipulates detailed regulations for the use of violence, including corporal and capital punishment, as well as how, when, and against whom to wage war.
Christianity and violenceChristians have had diverse attitudes towards violence and nonviolence over time. Both currently and historically, there have been four attitudes towards violence and war and four resulting practices of them within Christianity: non-resistance, Christian pacifism, just war, and preventive war (Holy war, e.g., the Crusades). In the Roman Empire, the early church adopted a nonviolent stance when it came to war because the imitation of Jesus's sacrificial life was preferable to it.
Conversion forcéeUne conversion forcée est l'adoption d'une religion différente, réalisée sous contrainte ou de manière subtile. L'obligation à une religion et l'interdiction de toute religion sont de même ordre. Il s'agit d'une forme de persécution religieuse. Une conversion forcée peut concerner une personne ou un groupe, voire un peuple entier. La contrainte peut être exercée par une personne, un groupe politique ou religieux, ou encore un État.
Religious fanaticismReligious fanaticism, or religious extremism, is a pejorative designation used to indicate uncritical zeal or obsessive enthusiasm that is related to one's own, or one's group's, devotion to a religion – a form of human fanaticism that could otherwise be expressed in one's other involvements and participation, including employment, role, and partisan affinities. Historically, the term was applied in Christian antiquity to denigrate non-Christian religions, and subsequently acquired its current usage with the Age of Enlightenment.
Judaism and violenceJudaism's doctrines and texts have sometimes been associated with violence or anti-violence. Laws requiring the eradication of evil, sometimes using violent means, exist in the Jewish tradition. However, Judaism also contains peaceful texts and doctrines. There is often a juxtaposition of Judaic law and theology to violence and non-violence by groups and individuals. Attitudes and laws towards both peace and violence exist within the Jewish tradition. Throughout history, Judaism's religious texts or precepts have been used to promote as well as oppose violence.
Jewish religious terrorismJewish religious terrorism is religious terrorism committed by extremists within Judaism. Zealotry in Jewish history According to Mark Burgess (a Center for Defense Information research analyst), the 1st century Jewish political and religious movement called Zealotry was one of the first examples of the use of terrorism by Jews. They sought to incite the people of Judaea to rebel against the Roman Empire and expel it from Israel by force of arms. The term Zealot, in Hebrew kanai, means one who is zealous on behalf of God.
Terrorisme chrétienLe terrorisme chrétien est l'ensemble des activités considérées comme terroristes et entreprises par des personnes ou des groupes qui expriment des motivations liées au christianisme il est très souvent lié au terrorisme d'extrême droite et au suprémacisme blanc. Il se fonde souvent sur une lecture soit raciste, soit intégriste de la Bible. À la fin du siècle, il est représenté par exemple par l'attentat du cinéma Saint-Michel à Paris en 1988, par l'attentat d'Oklahoma City en 1995 ou par l'attentat du parc du Centenaire.
