Graphe roueEn théorie des graphes, le graphe roue Wn est un graphe d'ordre formé en ajoutant un sommet « centre » connecté à tous les sommets du graphe cycle Cn-1. La notation Wn provient du nom anglais wheel graph mais n'est pas universelle. Certains auteurs préfèrent Wn-1, faisant référence à la longueur du cycle. Pour les valeurs impaires de n, le graphe Wn est un graphe parfait. Quand n est pair et supérieur ou égal à 6, le graphe roue Wn n'est pas parfait.
Circuit rankIn graph theory, a branch of mathematics, the circuit rank, cyclomatic number, cycle rank, or nullity of an undirected graph is the minimum number of edges that must be removed from the graph to break all its cycles, making it into a tree or forest. It is equal to the number of independent cycles in the graph (the size of a cycle basis). Unlike the corresponding feedback arc set problem for directed graphs, the circuit rank r is easily computed using the formula where m is the number of edges in the given graph, n is the number of vertices, and c is the number of connected components.
Cycle spaceIn graph theory, a branch of mathematics, the (binary) cycle space of an undirected graph is the set of its even-degree subgraphs. This set of subgraphs can be described algebraically as a vector space over the two-element finite field. The dimension of this space is the circuit rank of the graph. The same space can also be described in terms from algebraic topology as the first homology group of the graph. Using homology theory, the binary cycle space may be generalized to cycle spaces over arbitrary rings.
Famille de Petersenthumb|300px|La famille de Petersen. Le graphe complet K6 est en haut de l'illustration, et le graphe de Petersen est en bas. Les liaisons bleues indiquent des transformations Δ-Y ou Y-Δ entre les graphe s de la famille. En mathématiques, et plus précisément en théorie des graphes, la famille de Petersen est un ensemble de sept graphes non orientés contenant le graphe de Petersen et le graphe complet K6. Cette famille a été découverte et étudiée par le mathématicien danois Julius Petersen.
Perfect matchingIn graph theory, a perfect matching in a graph is a matching that covers every vertex of the graph. More formally, given a graph G = (V, E), a perfect matching in G is a subset M of edge set E, such that every vertex in the vertex set V is adjacent to exactly one edge in M. A perfect matching is also called a 1-factor; see Graph factorization for an explanation of this term. In some literature, the term complete matching is used. Every perfect matching is a maximum-cardinality matching, but the opposite is not true.
Peripheral cycleIn graph theory, a peripheral cycle (or peripheral circuit) in an undirected graph is, intuitively, a cycle that does not separate any part of the graph from any other part. Peripheral cycles (or, as they were initially called, peripheral polygons, because Tutte called cycles "polygons") were first studied by , and play important roles in the characterization of planar graphs and in generating the cycle spaces of nonplanar graphs.
Graphe toroïdalright|frame| Un graphe plongé sur le tore de telle façon que les arêtes ne se coupent pas. En mathématiques, et plus précisément en théorie des graphes, un graphe G est toroïdal s'il peut être plongé sur le tore, c'est-à-dire que les sommets du graphe peuvent être placés sur le tore de telle façon que les arêtes ne se coupent pas. En général dire qu'un graphe est toroïdal sous-entend également qu'il n'est pas planaire.
Clique-sumIn graph theory, a branch of mathematics, a clique-sum is a way of combining two graphs by gluing them together at a clique, analogous to the connected sum operation in topology. If two graphs G and H each contain cliques of equal size, the clique-sum of G and H is formed from their disjoint union by identifying pairs of vertices in these two cliques to form a single shared clique, and then possibly deleting some of the clique edges. A k-clique-sum is a clique-sum in which both cliques have at most k vertices.
Densité d'un grapheEn mathématiques, et plus particulièrement en théorie des graphes, on peut associer à tout graphe un entier appelé densité du graphe. Ce paramètre mesure si le graphe a beaucoup d'arêtes ou peu. Un graphe dense (dense graph) est un graphe dans lequel le nombre d'arêtes (ou d'arcs) est proche du nombre maximal, par exemple un nombre quadratique par rapport au nombre de sommets. Un graphe creux (sparse graph) a au contraire peu d'arêtes, par exemple un nombre linéaire. La distinction entre graphe creux et dense est plutôt vague et dépend du contexte.
Apex graphIn graph theory, a branch of mathematics, an apex graph is a graph that can be made planar by the removal of a single vertex. The deleted vertex is called an apex of the graph. It is an apex, not the apex because an apex graph may have more than one apex; for example, in the minimal nonplanar graphs K_5 or K_3,3, every vertex is an apex. The apex graphs include graphs that are themselves planar, in which case again every vertex is an apex. The null graph is also counted as an apex graph even though it has no vertex to remove.
