Concept
Two-phase locking
Concepts associés (9)
Serializability
In concurrency control of databases, transaction processing (transaction management), and various transactional applications (e.g., transactional memory and software transactional memory), both centralized and distributed, a transaction schedule is serializable if its outcome (e.g., the resulting database state) is equal to the outcome of its transactions executed serially, i.e. without overlapping in time. Transactions are normally executed concurrently (they overlap), since this is the most efficient way.
Distributed transaction
A distributed transaction is a database transaction in which two or more network hosts are involved. Usually, hosts provide transactional resources, while the transaction manager is responsible for creating and managing a global transaction that encompasses all operations against such resources. Distributed transactions, as any other transactions, must have all four ACID (atomicity, consistency, isolation, durability) properties, where atomicity guarantees all-or-nothing outcomes for the unit of work (operations bundle).
Concurrency control
In information technology and computer science, especially in the fields of computer programming, operating systems, multiprocessors, and databases, concurrency control ensures that correct results for concurrent operations are generated, while getting those results as quickly as possible. Computer systems, both software and hardware, consist of modules, or components. Each component is designed to operate correctly, i.e., to obey or to meet certain consistency rules.
Global serializability
In concurrency control of databases, transaction processing (transaction management), and other transactional distributed applications, global serializability (or modular serializability) is a property of a global schedule of transactions. A global schedule is the unified schedule of all the individual database (and other transactional object) schedules in a multidatabase environment (e.g., federated database).
Théorie de l'ordonnancement
La théorie de l'ordonnancement est une branche de la recherche opérationnelle qui s'intéresse au calcul de dates d'exécution optimales de tâches. Pour cela, il est très souvent nécessaire d'affecter en même temps les ressources nécessaires à l'exécution de ces tâches. Un problème d'ordonnancement peut être considéré comme un sous-problème de planification dans lequel il s'agit de décider de l'exécution opérationnelle des tâches planifiées.
Commitment ordering
Commitment ordering (CO) is a class of interoperable serializability techniques in concurrency control of databases, transaction processing, and related applications. It allows optimistic (non-blocking) implementations. With the proliferation of multi-core processors, CO has also been increasingly utilized in concurrent programming, transactional memory, and software transactional memory (STM) to achieve serializability optimistically. CO is also the name of the resulting transaction schedule (history) property, defined in 1988 with the name dynamic atomicity.
Database transaction
A database transaction symbolizes a unit of work, performed within a database management system (or similar system) against a database, that is treated in a coherent and reliable way independent of other transactions. A transaction generally represents any change in a database. Transactions in a database environment have two main purposes: To provide reliable units of work that allow correct recovery from failures and keep a database consistent even in cases of system failure.
Distributed concurrency control
Distributed concurrency control is the concurrency control of a system distributed over a computer network (Bernstein et al. 1987, Weikum and Vossen 2001). In database systems and transaction processing (transaction management) distributed concurrency control refers primarily to the concurrency control of a distributed database. It also refers to the concurrency control in a multidatabase (and other multi-transactional object) environment (e.g., federated database, grid computing, and cloud computing environments.
Interblocage
thumb|Exemple d'interblocage : le processus P1 utilise la ressource R2 qui est attendue par le processus P2 qui utilise la ressource R1, attendue par P1. Un interblocage (ou étreinte fatale, deadlock en anglais) est un phénomène qui peut survenir en programmation concurrente. L'interblocage se produit lorsque des processus concurrents s'attendent mutuellement. Un processus peut aussi s'attendre lui-même. Les processus bloqués dans cet état le sont définitivement, il s'agit donc d'une situation catastrophique.