Parshvanatha

Parshvanatha, also (पार्श्वनाथः), Parshva, and Parasnath, was the 23rd of 24 Tirthankaras (supreme preacher of dharma) of Jainism. He is the only Tirthankara who gained the title of Kalīkālkalpataru (Kalpavriksha in this "Kali Yuga"). Parshvanatha is one of the earliest Tirthankaras who are acknowledged as historical figures. He was the earliest exponent of Karma philosophy in recorded history. The Jain sources place him between the 9th and 8th centuries BCE whereas historians consider that he lived in the 8th or 7th century BCE. Parshvanatha was born 273 years before Mahavira. He was the spiritual successor of 22nd tirthankara Neminatha. He is popularly seen as a propagator and reviver of Jainism. Parshvanatha attained moksha on Mount Sammeda (Madhuban, Jharkhand) popular as Parasnath hill in the Ganges basin, an important Jain pilgrimage site. His iconography is notable for the serpent hood over his head, and his worship often includes Dharanendra and Padmavati (Jainism's serpent Devtā and Devī). Parshvanatha was born in Benaras (Varanasi), India. Renouncing worldly life, he founded an ascetic community. Texts of the two major Jain sects (Digambaras and Śvētāmbaras) differ on the teachings of Parshvanatha and Mahavira, and this is a foundation of the dispute between the two sects. The Digambaras believe that there was no difference between the teachings of Parshvanatha and Mahavira. According to the Śvētāmbaras, Mahavira expanded Parshvanatha's first four restraints with his ideas on ahimsa (non-violence) and added the fifth monastic vow (celibacy). Parshvanatha did not require celibacy, and allowed monks to wear simple outer garments. Śvētāmbara texts, such as section 2.15 of the Acharanga Sutra, say that Mahavira's parents were followers of Parshvanatha (linking Mahavira to a preexisting theology as a reformer of Jain mendicant tradition). Parshvanatha is the earliest Jain tirthankara who is generally acknowledged as a historical figure. According to Paul Dundas, Jain texts such as section 31 of Isibhasiyam provide circumstantial evidence that he lived in ancient India.

À propos de ce résultat

Cette page est générée automatiquement et peut contenir des informations qui ne sont pas correctes, complètes, à jour ou pertinentes par rapport à votre recherche. Il en va de même pour toutes les autres pages de ce site. Veillez à vérifier les informations auprès des sources officielles de l'EPFL.

Concepts associés (77)

Mont Sammeda

Le Mont Sammeda appelé aussi Mont Sammeta ou encore Sammed Shikharji est un haut lieu de pèlerinage du jaïnisme. Situé dans les Montagnes Parasnath dans le district de Giridih dans l'état de l'Inde du Jharkhand, ce lieu est célèbre pour avoir été le théâtre de l'illumination de vingt Tirthankaras: les Maîtres éveillés, sur les vingt-quatre ayant vécu dans notre époque. Cette série de monts culmine à 1350 mètres. Bien que les deux branches du jaïnisme se disputent les territoires de cette chaîne montagneuse, les pèlerins vont dans des temples où les deux courants se rejoignent pour prier.

Kundalpur, Madhya Pradesh

Kundalpur is a town located in Damoh district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. Located northeast of the city of Damoh, Kundalpur is a pilgrimage site for Jains. Nearby cities include Damoh , Sagar , and Jabalpur . The nearest railway station is located at Damoh, and the nearest airport is Jabalpur Airport. The Kundalpur Fair takes place in the month of March, beginning with the annual gathering of Jains, immediately after the Festival of Colours, and lasts for two weeks.

Rishabhanatha

vignette|250px|Sculpture de Risabhdeva en marbre blanc, Gujarat, Inde. Rishabhanatha (également Ṛṣabhadeva, Rishabhadeva ou Ṛṣabha qui signifie littéralement « taureau ») est le premier Tirthankara (fabricant de gués et propagateur du dharma) du jaïnisme. En tant que dirigeant, on pense que le jaïnisme a vécu il y a des milliards de milliards d'années. Il a été le premier des vingt-quatre enseignants de la cosmologie jaïne dans le demi-cycle actuel et a appelé un "faiseur de gué" parce que ses enseignements aidaient à traverser l'océan des réincarnations (saṃsāra).