École privéeLes écoles privées sont des écoles qui ne sont pas administrées par leur gouvernement local, étatique ou national et qui conservent donc le droit de sélectionner leurs élèves et sont financées, en tout ou en partie grâce aux frais de scolarité qu'elle demande à ses élèves, plutôt qu'entièrement par des fonds gouvernementaux. La plupart des écoles privées offrent des bourses d'études qui permettent de rendre la fréquentation plus abordable pour des étudiants possédant un talent quelconque, généralement au niveau académique ou sportif.
Infant schoolAn infant school is a term used primarily in England and Wales, for the education of children between the ages of four and seven years. It is usually a small school serving a particular area. It is sometimes a department in a larger primary school educating children up to the age of approximately eleven years old. An infant school forms part of local education provision giving primary education. In England and Wales, children start at infant school between the ages of four and five in a Reception class.
Tertiary educationTertiary education, also referred to as third-level, third-stage or post-secondary education, is the educational level following the completion of secondary education. The World Bank, for example, defines tertiary education as including universities as well as trade schools and colleges. Higher education is taken to include undergraduate and postgraduate education, while vocational education beyond secondary education is known as further education in the United Kingdom, or included under the category of continuing education in the United States.
Educational stageEducational stages are subdivisions of formal learning, typically covering early childhood education, primary education, secondary education and tertiary education. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) recognizes nine levels of education in its International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) system (from Level 0 (pre-primary education) through Level 8 (doctoral)). UNESCO's International Bureau of Education maintains a database of country-specific education systems and their stages.
Early childhood educationEarly childhood education (ECE), also known as nursery education, is a branch of education theory that relates to the teaching of children (formally and informally) from birth up to the age of eight. Traditionally, this is up to the equivalent of third grade. ECE is described as an important period in child development. ECE emerged as a field of study during the Enlightenment, particularly in European countries with high literacy rates. It continued to grow through the nineteenth century as universal primary education became a norm in the Western world.
State schoolA state school or public school is a primary or secondary school that educates all students without charge. Such schools are funded in whole or in part by taxation. State-funded schools exist in virtually every country of the world, though there are significant variations in their structure and educational programmes. Government funded education generally encompasses primary and secondary education (4 years old to 18 years old).
Parochial schoolA parochial school is a private primary or secondary school affiliated with a religious organization, and whose curriculum includes general religious education in addition to secular subjects, such as science, mathematics and language arts. The word parochial comes from the same root as "parish", and parochial schools were originally the educational wing of the local parish church. Christian parochial schools are called "church schools" or "Christian schools.
Instruction obligatoireL’instruction obligatoire, est l'obligation faite aux parents de faire instruire leurs enfants. Elle ne se confond pas toujours avec l'obligation pour les enfants d'aller à l'école. Dans de nombreux pays, dont la France, les parents conservent la faculté de confier leurs enfants à un précepteur ou de les instruire eux-mêmes dans le cadre de l'école à la maison. La Belgique met un point d’honneur à protéger les enfants et porte une attention particulière au souci de leur éducation au sein des établissements scolaires.
Gratuité scolaireLa gratuité scolaire, ou éducation gratuite, est une politique menée par un État afin d'assurer l'accès à l'éducation sans frais. Cette mesure peut s'appliquer à différents niveaux scolaires ou être intégrale. thumb|300px|États ayant ratifié (vert foncé) ou seulement signé (vert clair) le PIDESC. La gratuité intégrale est un des objectifs des états signataires du Pacte international relatif aux droits économiques, sociaux et culturels (PIDESC), entrée en vigueur le , permettant la réalisation du droit à l'éducation, qui est « à la fois un droit fondamental en soi et une des clefs de l’exercice des autres droits inhérents à la personne humaine.
Junior schoolA junior school is a type of school which provides primary education to children, often in the age range from 8 and 13, following attendance at an infant school, which covers the age range 5–7. Since both infant and junior schools provide primary education, pupils are commonly placed in a unified building – a primary school. In Australia, a junior school is usually a part of a private school that educates children between the ages of 2 and 5.
