Béton cellulaire durci en autoclave

Résumé

thumb|Macro détail de béton cellulaire autoclavé.|alt=Photographie d'un morceau de béton cellulaire vue de près avec un aspect proche de celui d'une éponge. vignette|Scie à dentition spéciale pour béton cellulaire Le béton cellulaire durci en autoclave (AAC) ou béton gaz ou béton autoclavé est un béton léger ayant une masse volumique faible grâce aux bulles de gaz qu’il contient. Ce gaz provient d'une réaction chimique qui a lieu lors de sa fabrication. Le béton cellulaire est un matériau de construction préfabriqué destiné au gros œuvre du bâtiment. . L'AAC est un matériau extrêmement durable qui peut durer de nombreuses années sans nécessiter d'entretien. C'est aussi un excellent isolant qui peut aider à réduire les coûts énergétiques en gardant les bâtiments frais en été et chauds en hiver. De plus, l'AAC est résistant au feu et à la moisissure, ce qui en fait un choix sûr pour la construction. Les pro

Source officielle

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9ton_cellulaire_durci_en_autoclave

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Ce cours traite des divers domaines techniques intervenant dans la conception et la réalisation d'un bâtiment, soit : physique du bâtiment, structures, matériaux, construction et installations techniques; ceci dans une approche globale et transversale.

Une introduction à la science des matériaux appliquée aux matériaux de construction courants, en particulier le béton et les métaux. Description de leur fabrication, leurs comportements mécanique et thermique et leur utilisation en construction.

Science des matériaux de construction non métalliques les plus utilisés et plus particulièrement des matériaux cimentaires (béton). Composition chimique, fabrication et comportement sur la durée.

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Hydration, microstructural development and dimensional stability of cementitious materials made of portland cement clinker and fluoroanhydrite

Carolina Prieto Gomez

The production of Portland cement accounts for 5 to 8% of the global anthropogenic CO2 emissions. In the past years, the cement industry has attempted to reduce this contribution by the use of mineral additions on the cement or in the concrete mix. The typical additions in cement are materials with pozzolanic properties such as fly ash, silica fume, etc. Other attempts have been done using materials obtained as byproducts from other industrial processes. This is the case of the chemical gypsums i.e. calcium sulfates. Calcium sulfate can be obtained in the production of several acids such as boric (borogypsum), hydrofluoric (fluorgypsum or fluoroanhydrite), phosphoric (phosphogypsum), etc. or in desulfurization process in coal burning power plants. In this work, the reaction mechanisms of a binder made of 60% fluoroanhydrite and 40% Portland cement clinker have been studied. This binder is currently being produced in Mexico in the preparation of aerated concrete mixes intended to be used in low-cost housing. This work aims to gain insight on the mechanisms of reaction of the binder made of fluoroanhydrite- Portland cement clinker on the one hand and the dimensional stability aspects related with this binder and its application in the construction industry on the other. Model mixes prepared with different proportions of materials were also studied to understand the effect of the fluoroanhydrite on the properties of the binder. The hydration kinetics of the binder was studied by means of isothermal calorimetry and chemical shrinkage. The microstructural development was studied by a combination of techniques such as SEM, XRD, mercury intrusion and others. The dimensional stability of the binder was approached mainly by length change tests carried under different conditions. As this product is a calcium- sulfate based binder the results under high relative humidity conditions were highlighted. The reaction kinetics of the binder were found to be affected by the impurities present in the fluoroanhydrite; hydrofluoric acid traces particularly retard the hydration of both fluoroanhydrite and the clinker. Other aspects such as aging and the ethanolamine-based grinding agent used on the production of the binder were found responsible of the delayed reaction of the binder compared to Portland cement clinker. The hydration of the binder in water immersion is not very different from that observed under medium relative humidity; however, the dimensional stability of the binder is importantly affected by this parameter. The composition of the binder was found to play an important role.

EPFL2010

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The influence of the mould material on the build-up of internal stresses during autoclave cure of carbon fibre composites was investigated using embedded optical fibre Bragg gratings. Unidirectional and cross-ply laminates were cured on four flat moulds: aluminium, steel, carbon composite and carbon foam. From the beginning of cure, the fibres were strained by contact with the expanding mould. The strain increased with the mould thermal expansion and autoclave pressure. As a result, large residual strains were found in the longitudinal direction for the samples cured on aluminium or steel moulds, whereas the samples cured on carbon-based moulds exhibited almost no strain after cooling-down.[All rights reserved Elsevier].

2008

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Hydration, microstructural development and dimensional stability of cementitious materials made of portland cement clinker and fluoroanhydrite

Carolina Prieto Gomez

EPFL2010