Non-refoulement

Non-refoulement (rəˈfuːlmɒ̃) is a fundamental principle of international law that forbids a country receiving asylum seekers from returning them to a country in which they would be in probable danger of persecution based on "race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion". Unlike political asylum, which applies to those who can prove a well-grounded fear of persecution based on certain category of persons, non-refoulement refers to the generic repatriation of people, including refugees into war zones and other disaster locales. It is a principle of customary international law, as it applies even to states that are not parties to the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees or its 1967 Protocol. It is also a principle of the trucial law of nations. It is debatable whether non-refoulement is a jus cogens of international law. If so, international law would permit no abridgments for any purpose or under any circumstances. The debate over this matter was rekindled following the September 11, 2001 terror attacks in the United States as well as other terrorist attacks in Europe. The Convention relating to the International Status of Refugees, of 28 October 1933 was ratified by nine States, including France and (with a caveat) the United Kingdom. It was by virtue of this Convention that the principle of non-refoulement acquired the status of international treaty law. The principle of non-refoulement is important because of its role in an international collective memory of the failure of nations during World War II to provide a haven to refugees fleeing certain genocide at the hands of Nazi Germany. Following World War II, the need for international checks on state sovereignty over refugees became apparent to the international community. During the war, several states had forcibly returned or denied admission to German and French Jews fleeing the Holocaust. In 1939, the ocean liner MS St. Louis sailed from Germany with over 900 Jewish passengers who were fleeing Nazi persecution.

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Concepts associés (8)

Séances de cours associées (1)

Droit d'asile

L'asile étant un lieu où une personne se sentant menacée peut se mettre en sécurité, le droit d'asile renvoie au fait que, dans différentes civilisations, les sociétés ont reconnu un droit à chaque être humain de trouver refuge face à des menaces et des persécutions. Ainsi, la Déclaration universelle des droits de l'homme énonce, en son article 14 : La Convention de Genève de 1951 a donné à cette protection une traduction en droit international public.

Immigration illégale

thumb|right|300px|Un fort différentiel économique explique en partie l'immigration clandestine. Ici le mur de Nogales qui sépare à gauche les États-Unis et à droite le Mexique. L'immigration clandestine, l'immigration illégale, ou parfois immigration irrégulière est l'entrée illégale, illicite, ou discrète sur un territoire national d'étrangers n'ayant pas réalisé les formalités attendues.

International law

International law (also known as public international law and the law of nations) is the set of rules, norms, and standards generally recognised as binding between states. It establishes normative guidelines and a common conceptual framework for states across a broad range of domains, including war and diplomacy, economic relations, and human rights. International law differs from state-based domestic legal systems in that it is primarily, though not exclusively, applicable to states, rather than to individuals, and operates largely through consent, since there is no universally accepted authority to enforce it upon sovereign states.

Asile pendant la pandémie HUM-446: Governing global migration I

Examine la situation juridique des demandeurs d'asile pendant la pandémie et les défis auxquels sont confrontés les réfugiés dans les camps surpeuplés.